从铬铅矿到铬同位素:铬元素的发现及其概念的发展  

From Crocoite to Chromium Isotopes:The Discovery of Chromium Element and Its Conceptual Development

作　　者：达璇 袁振东[1] DA Xuan;YUAN Zhen-Dong(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2024年第20期123-128,共6页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：河南省基础教育教师发展研究创新团队项目“依托“U-G-S-T-S”学习共同体促进化学教师专业发展(2022,02)”成果之一。

摘　　要：1797年,法国化学家沃克兰通过化学分析实验猜想,西伯利亚红铅矿中存在一种新的未知金属元素。1798年,沃克兰凭借积累的分析经验成功提取出铬单质,证实了铬元素的存在,铬元素概念初步形成。1803年,道尔顿提出科学原子论后,铬元素的概念发展为:相对原子质量为24的原子的总称。20世纪以来,随着原子结构理论的建立和同位素化学的兴起,科学家共发现27种铬同位素。随之,现代铬元素概念形成:核电荷数为24的一类原子的总称。总之,随着科学思想和科学方法的发展,铬元素的概念也在不断演进。In 1797,the French chemist Vauquelin hypothesized through chemical analysis experiments that there was a new unknown metal element in the Siberian red lead mines.In 1798.Vauquelin successfully extracted chromium based on his accumulated analytical experience,which confirmed the existence of chromium and initially formed the concept of chromium.In 1803,after Dalton's scientific atomic theory,the concept of chromium was developed into a general term for atoms with an atomic weight of 24.Since the 2oth century,with the establishment of atomic structure theory and the rise of isotope chemistry,scientists discovered a total of 27 chromium isotopes.Thus,the modern concept of chromium was formed:the general term for a class of atoms with a nuclear charge of 24.In short,with the development of scientific thoughts and scientific methods,the concept of chromium is also evolving.

关 键 词：铬元素 铬原子量 铬同位素 概念演变 

分 类 号：P618.33[天文地球—矿床学] P618.42[天文地球—地质学] O614.611[理学—无机化学]