改革开放以来高中化学教材习题编写变化研究——硫和氮元素及其化合物内容  

Change of Exercises in Senior High School Chemistry Textbooks Since Reform and Opening Up:Sulfur and Nitrogen Elements and Their Compounds

作　　者：姚娟娟 王后雄[1] 李猛 YAO Juan-Juan;WANG Hou-Xiong;LI Meng(Department of Artificial Intelligence Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Hefei Normal University,Hefei 230601,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学人工智能教育学部,湖北武汉430079 [2]合肥师范学院化学与制药工程学院,安徽合肥230601 [3]河南师范大学化学化工学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2024年第19期18-24,共7页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：合肥师范学院2023年校级质量工程教学研究项目(校级重点)(2023jyxm06);河南师范大学博士科研启动费支持课题(QD2023022)。

摘　　要：习题研究对高中化学教学具有重要价值。以硫和氮元素及其化合物内容为分析对象,从习题数量、情境类型、表征方式、认知要求等4个方面对改革开放以来人教版高中化学教材习题进行对比分析。研究发现,教材中硫和氮的习题在4个方面均发生了一些变化。习题编写呈现出由关注知识习得向重视化学与社会生活关联性转变,由讲求直接发问向强调化学信息传递多样性转变,由侧重认知理解向注重学生思维发展创新性转变等变迁特点。为更好地使用教材习题,提出合理把握情境习题类型,切实提高情境习题作用;关注文本表征内在意义,强化图表信息使用价值;根据教材习题认知水平,指导学生实现思维发展等习题使用策略。Exercise research is of great value to chemistry teaching in senior high school.Taking the content of“sulfur and nitrogen”as the object of analysis,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the exercises in the senior high school chemistry textbooks of People’s Education Press since the reform and opening up from four aspects:the number of exercises,the type of situation,the way of representation and the cognitive requirements.It is found that some changes have taken place in the four aspects of“sulfur and nitrogen”content exercises in the textbook.The writing of exercises presents a change from the focus on knowledge acquisition to the emphasis on the correlation between chemistry and social life,from the emphasis on direct questioning to the emphasis on the diversity of chemical information transmission,from the emphasis on cognitive understanding to the focus on the innovation of students’thinking development.In order to make better use of the textbook exercises,the paper proposes to reasonably grasp the types of situational exercises and effectively improve the function of situational exercises;Pay attention to the intrinsic meaning of text representation and strengthen the use value of chart information;According to the cognitive level of textbook exercises,guide students to achieve thinking development and other exercises using strategies.

关 键 词：化学教材 习题研究 情境类型 表征方式 认知要求 

分 类 号：G633.8[文化科学—教育学]