第一个稀土元素钇的发现及其概念的发展  

Discovery of the First Rare Earth Element Yttrium and Development of Its Concept

作　　者：李瑜 袁振东[1] LI Yu;YUAN Zhen-Dong(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2024年第19期124-129,共6页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

摘　　要：钇元素是第一个被发现的稀土元素,其概念的发展大致可以分为3个时期:(1)钇元素假说的形成期。1794年,芬兰化学家加多林通过对“黑色石头”的实验分析并预测有新元素存在。至1797年,乌普萨拉大学化学教授埃克伯格证实了加多林的结论,又将之命名为钇(yttrium)。(2)钇元素假说的验证期。1953年,美国化学家斯佩丁和达恩首次在实验室制备出高纯度的钇单质,钇元素的概念正式形成。(3)现代钇元素概念的形成期。20世纪20年代以后,钇同位素的发现使人们对钇元素有了新认识。钇元素概念的发展体现了科学思想的演进与科学技术的进步,同时也离不开科学家们精湛的实验技术和坚持不懈的科学精神。Yttrium is the first rare earth element to be discovered.The development of its concept can be roughly divided into three periods:the first is the formation period of the yttrium hypothesis.In 1794,Finnish chemist Gadolin analyzed and predicted the existence of new elements through experiments on“black stones”.In 1797,Ekberg,aprofessor of chemistry at Uppsala University,confirmed Gadolin’s conclusion and named it yttrium.The second is the verification period of the yttrium element hypothesis.In 1953,American chemists Spedding and Dahn first prepared high-purity yttrium in the laboratory,and the concept of yttrium was formally formed.The third is the formation period of the concept of modern yttrium element.After the 1920s,the discovery of yttrium isotopes gave people a new understanding of the yttrium element.The development of the concept of yttrium reflects the evolution of scientific thought and the progress of science and technology,and at the same time,it is inseparable from the superb experimental techniques and persevering scientific spirit of scientists.

关 键 词：钇元素 钇单质 钇同位素 

分 类 号：O614.322[理学—无机化学]