WTO框架下跨境数据流动规制研究  

Study on the Regulation of Cross-Border Data Flows under the WTO Framework

作　　者：韩安琦 Anqi Han(School of Law,Beijing Normal University,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京

出　　处：《法学（汉斯）》2024年第9期5497-5504,共8页Open Journal of Legal Science

摘　　要：随着信息时代下数字贸易的加速推进,跨境数据流动愈发成为国际贸易活动中的一个重要议题。一方面,跨境数据流动能够带动全球数字经济持续发展,另一方面,由于数据在不同国家之间流转,此行为存在侵犯国家与个人利益的可能,进而引起世界各地有关数据保护的法律改革。在改革的过程中,“安全利益”和“个人信息与隐私”分别与“允许数据跨境流动”构成显著矛盾。WTO作为现行规制国际贸易活动的主要国际组织,其规则GATS对跨境数据流动的规制存在具体条文缺失、一般例外和安全例外条款无法完全适用的问题,不利于有效解决由此而引发的相关争议。无论是“安全利益”,还是“个人信息与隐私”,不同国家的制定内容与出发点不尽相同。发展前景如GATS国家安全与例外条款的合理融合、通过互认机制协调个人数据保护标准均会对WTO规制跨境数据流动起到一定的规范作用,两者的实现也将会对全球贸易产生正面效应。With the acceleration of digital trade in the information age,cross-border data flows have become an important issue in international trade activities.On the one hand,cross-border data flows can drive the sustainable development of the global digital economy,but on the other hand,as data flows between different countries,this behavior may infringe on the interests of the state and individuals,which has led to the reform of data protection laws in different parts of the world.In the process of reform,“security interests”and“personal information and privacy”are in significant contradiction with“allowing cross-border data flows”respectively.As a major international organization regulating international trade activities,the GATS rules on cross-border data flows are lacking in specific provisions,and the general and security exceptions cannot be fully applied,which is not conducive to the effective resolution of disputes arising therefrom.Whether it is“security interests”or“personal information and privacy”,the content and starting point of the formulation of different countries are not the same.Prospects for development,such as the reasonable integration of GATS national security and exception clauses and the harmonization of personal data protection standards through mutual recognition mechanisms,will play a certain role in regulating cross-border data flows in the WTO,and the realization of both will have a positive effect on global trade.

关 键 词：跨境数据流动 服务贸易总协定 安全利益 个人信息 个人隐私 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]