东亚的方镇体制与周边诸种族的国家形成  

The System of the Military Dictatorship of“Regional Legates”in the East Asia and the Independence Movements by Tribes Located around China

作　　者： Watanabe Shinichiro

机构地区：[1]日本京都府立大学文学部(日本京都)

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期1-12,共12页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：唐宋交替时期政治支配特征是全国化的方镇(节度使)军事支配体制。这种军事支配体制亦被位于中国周边的东亚诸种族所接受。方镇体制既是周边诸种族为了表示从属于中国而有的支配体制,又为周边诸种族从中国独立并建立国家起到支撑作用。具体过程分为以下三个类型进行讨论:(1)种族在独立国家的形成及其领域扩大的过程中,领有中原王朝的一部分,并吸收该地域的方镇体制(辽、金);(2)国家形成过程中或国家形成之后,将方镇体制导入到自己支配的地域内部(南诏、高丽);(3)由方镇体制发展为独立国家的形成(西夏、大越=安南)。Characteristic of the politics during the Tang-Song transition is the military dictatorship of“regional legates”(jiedushi节度使)in the form of“frontier commands”(Fangzhen方镇)across China proper.Also,this kind of dictatorship was assimilated into various neighboring nations(zhoubian zhongzu周边种族)of China in East Asia.The assimilation,intended for their subordination to China,finally worked like a lever in the independence of the nations as states from China.This article categorizes the independence progress into three forms:(1)When the nations established new independent states and expanded their territories,they governed parts of the land of Chinese dynasties and adopted the system of“frontier commands”in those regions(e.g.Liao辽and Jin金);(2)when the nations established new independent states or after achieving independence,they introduced this system into their own countries(e.g.Nanzhao南诏and Goryeo高丽);(3)regions that implemented this system developed and eventually became independent nations(e.g.Xixia西夏and Dayue大越viz.Annam安南).

关 键 词：节度使 方镇体制 化外方镇 蕃汉交界 周边种族 

分 类 号：D731[政治法律—政治学] D691[政治法律—中外政治制度] K31[历史地理—历史学] K23[历史地理—世界史]