《诗》义解缚与赋体自立  

Loosening the Shackle of the Elements of Shi and Self-Establishment of Fu

作　　者：易闻晓[1] Yi Wenxiao

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学文学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期13-24,共12页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“历代赋论整理研究”(19ZDA249);国家社会科学基金重点项目“赋学通论”(18AZW011)。

摘　　要：班固“赋者古诗之流”的假设建立在国家盛衰和世运演变的历史推论之上,异于文体流变的观照角度。赋与《诗》制别体,才是自立之本。而“辞人之赋”“日月献纳”只就武、宣为论,在后人接受则扩大为汉赋的整体印象。“不歌而诵”则纠结讽颂歌咏,经传互训,迄今以证辞、赋可歌,比于《诗》制入乐。班固执于讽颂而否定汉赋铺陈,刘勰继以比兴批评汉赋,风、讽、诵、颂纠缠不清,赋、比、兴相与为义,都以《诗》义掩蔽赋体铺陈,卒乃消解赋体自立。经传的训释只在“赋者铺陈”的一般意义上获取《诗》赋与赋体的关联,然“赋”本义究在溥遍广大,“赋”是天下四方无数单个具体之物的类聚。唯以大赋鸿篇大制的巨丽铺陈才合“赋”本义。只有解开《诗》义的重重束缚,才能直抵“赋”义,从而彰显赋体铺陈的本质特征。Ban Gu’s班固hypothesis that“fu赋evolves from of shi诗”was built on the historical inference of the rise and fall of nations and the evolution of the universe,which differed from the perspective of genre evolution.Differentiating fu from Shi(诗The Book of Songs)was essential for the generic establishment of fu.“Fu created by fu writers”辞人之赋and“contributing days and months”日月献纳happened only in the dynasty of Wu and Xuan,which was accepted by descendants and extended to be the overall impression of Han fu.“Recitation without singing”不歌而诵intertwines with fěng(讽indirect persuasion),song(颂eulogy),ge(歌sing)and yong(咏chanting),annotated according to Jing(经classics)and Zhuan(传explanations).It has been proven that ci词and fu are able to be sung and incorporated into music,akin to how Shi poems are set to music.Ban Gu maintained that Han fu served as a means of persuasion and eulogy rather than elaboration,while Liu Xie刘勰criticized fu based on bi(比metaphor)and xing(兴association).The concepts of fēng风,fěng讽,song诵,and song颂are intricately entangled,while fu,bi and xing share meanings among themselves.All are obscured by the significance of Shi,which conceals the structure and organization of fu genre,ultimately leading to its dissolution.The annotations by Jing and Zhuan only established the correlation between the pomes in Shi and the form of fu in the sense of“fu as a means of elaboration”.Nevertheless,the original meaning of fu ultimately lies in its vastness and extensiveness which meant the convergence of numerous concrete objects of the universe.The grand fu with its elaboration and resplendence was the only form to accord with the essence of fu.Only by loosening the shackle of the elements of Shi would one reach the essence of and then reveal the essential feature of fu.

关 键 词：六义 辞赋 诗赋略 不歌而诵 古诗之流 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]