环境分权视角下“环保垂改”政策对城市经济绿色转型的影响  

Impact of the‘environmental protection vertical reform’policy on urban economic green transition from the perspective of environmental decentralization

作　　者：王瑶 张生玲[3] WANG Yao;ZHANG Shengling(Postdoctoral Research Station,Agricultural Bank of China,Beijing 100005,China;Postdoctoral Research Station,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Economics and Resource Management,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业银行博士后科研工作站,北京100005 [2]中国人民大学博士后科研流动站,北京100872 [3]北京师范大学经济与资源管理研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第8期47-58,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助项目“转型金融赋能高碳企业绿色创新的机理、溢出效应与实现路径研究”(批准号:2023M733841)。

摘　　要：环保机构垂直化改革是突破传统环境治理模式困境的重要手段,也是生态环保领域机构改革的创新性探索,对完善环保体制和推进经济绿色转型具有长远意义。该研究运用2005—2021年280个城市面板数据,以省以下环保机构垂直化改革(简称“环保垂改”)为准自然实验,探究以环境集权化为核心特征的“环保垂改”政策对经济绿色转型的影响。研究发现:①“环保垂改”政策可以显著提升城市经济绿色转型水平且政策效果具有持续性,在经过平行趋势检验、反事实检验、安慰剂检验、排除其他政策影响和倾向得分匹配-双重差分法估计等一系列稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。②机制检验表明,在市场反应和地方政府行为层面,“环保垂改”政策能够通过优化要素资源配置效率和扩大环境治理支出推动经济绿色转型。③异质性分析表明,“环保垂改”政策的经济绿色转型效应因城市级别、地理位置、财政分权程度和约束性污染控制目标的不同而呈现差异性,在非省会城市、东部和中部地区、高财政分权度和未明确公布约束性污染控制目标的城市促进作用更加显著。④空间溢出结果表明,“环保垂改”政策对周边地区经济绿色转型水平存在负向空间溢出效应。因此,建议持续深化环境管理制度改革,调动地方政府环境治理积极性,激发经济绿色转型潜力;强化城市技术、资金、人力资本等要素集聚能力,完善环境管理权力与支出责任匹配的财政体系;精准施策,因地制宜制定差异化环境治理策略。该研究在建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化背景下对优化环境管理体制设计、提升政府环境治理效能具有参考价值。The vertical reform of environmental protection agencies is an important means to break through the dilemma of the traditional environmental governance model.It represents an innovative exploration of institutional reform in the field of ecological and environmental protection,holding long-term significance for improving the environmental protection system and promoting economic green transition.Based on panel data from 280 cities from 2005 to 2021,this study employed the vertical reform of sub-provincial environmental protection agencies(referred to as‘environmental protection vertical reform’)as a quasi-natural experiment and investigated the impact of this policy,characterized by environmental centralization,on economic green transition.The findings were as follows:①The‘environmental protection vertical reform’policy could significantly promote urban economic green transition,and the policy effects were persistent.This conclusion remained robust after a series of robustness tests,including parallel trend tests,placebo tests,counterfactual tests,exclusion of other environmental policy impacts,and PSM-DID estimation.②Mechanism analysis revealed that from the perspectives of market response and local government behavior,the‘environmental protection vertical reform’policy could drive economic green transition by optimizing the efficiency of factor resource allocation and expanding environmental governance expenditure.③Heterogeneity analysis showed that the economic green transition effects of the policy varied depending on city level,geographical location,degree of fiscal decentralization,and the presence of pollution control targets.The promotion effect was more pronounced in nonprovincial capital cities,eastern and central regions,high fiscal decentralization cities,and cities without clearly defined binding pollution control targets.④Spatial spillover results showed that this policy had a negative spatial spillover effect on the economic green transition in surrounding areas.This study recom

关 键 词：环境分权 机构改革 环境管理制度 绿色转型 双重差分模型 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]