“湾长制”对近海污染治理的影响  

Impact of the bay chief system on offshore pollution control

作　　者：余璇[1,2,3] 胡求光 陈琦[1,2,3] 吴正杰 YU Xuan;HU Qiuguang;CHEN Qi;WU Zhengjie(Business School,Ningbo University,Ningbo Zhejiang 315211,China;Donghai Academy,Ningbo University,Ningbo Zhejiang 315211,China;Yangtze River Delta Ecological Civilization Research Center,Ningbo University,Ningbo Zhejiang 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学商学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]宁波大学东海研究院,浙江宁波315211 [3]宁波大学长三角生态文明研究中心,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第8期59-69,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“近海污染治理与蓝碳资源开发:特征事实、互动机制及协同效应”(批准号:72304158);浙江省自然科学基金探索项目“近海污染下的东海碳汇:时空演变、影响效应与扩增策略”(批准号:LQ22G030002);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项“习近平生态文明思想在中国大地的生动实践研究”(批准号:2022JZDZ009)。

摘　　要：探究“湾长制”的政策效应并进行制度优化,对中国近海污染治理具有重要的现实意义。为此,该研究以沿海地区逐步推行的“湾长制”作为政策冲击变量,通过手工整理得到2005—2021年中国沿海地级市层面的近海污染物浓度数据,运用空间双重差分方法定量识别“湾长制”与近海污染之间的内在关联以及其政策效应,探究“湾长制”对近海污染治理的影响。实证结果表明:①“湾长制”显著降低了近海首要污染因子无机氮的平均浓度,初步改善了近海水环境,但并未对近海次要污染因子活性磷酸盐产生显著的减排效应,“湾长制”尚未全面改善近海污染状况。在经过一系列稳健性检验和运用工具变量法进行内生性问题处理后,“湾长制”对近海污染的初步改善效果依然成立。②虽然近海污染在沿海城市间存在显著的空间相关性,但在考察期内,“湾长制”对近海无机氮污染的影响在空间上仍然有限,并未在相邻城市间产生显著的空间溢出效应。③“湾长制”对近海污染治理的影响存在规模效应。跟市级的分散试点相比,省级层面的推行能依托更大的行政权力和更多的政策支持,开展近海污染的协同治理,更好地发挥“领导挂帅,高位协调”的体制优势。④下级湾长设置过多带来的控制范围扩大,会降低“湾长制”实施过程中的行政效率并提高监管难度,削弱“湾长制”的治污效果。研究结论为“湾长制”的全面推行提供了实证支持。此外,在“湾长制”实践中,不仅需要加强地区间的协同合作,还应合理设置“湾长制”的行政架构,更好地发挥“湾长制”的治污效果。The exploration of the policy effects of the bay chief system(BCS)and its institutional optimization has significant implications for addressing pollution in China's coastal areas.For this purpose,this study employed the gradually implemented BCS in coastal areas as a policy shock variable.By manually compiling data on offshore pollution concentrations at the prefectural city level along China's coastline from 2005 to 2021,the research utilized a spatial difference-in-differences approach to quantitatively identify the intrinsic association between the BCS and offshore pollution,as well as its policy effects,thereby investigating the impact of the BCS on offshore pollution management.Key findings include:①The BCS significantly reduced the average concentration of inorganic nitrogen,a primary offshore pollutant,resulting in an initial improvement in the marine environment.However,it had a limited impact on reducing reactive phosphates,a secondary pollutant,indicating the need for comprehensive improvements in offshore pollution conditions.After conducting robustness tests and addressing endogeneity concerns,the study confirmed the continued effectiveness of the BCS in its initial efforts to improve offshore pollution.②Although a significant spatial correlation existed in offshore pollution among neighboring cities,the spatial impact of the BCS on inorganic nitrogen pollution remained limited,with no significant spillover effects observed.③The impact of the BCS on offshore pollution governance demonstrated a scale effect,with provincial-level pilots leveraging greater administrative power and policy support for coordinated governance,benefiting from the institutional advantage of‘leadership taking the lead and high-level coordination.’④An excessive number of lower-level bay chiefs could expand the control scope,leading to decreased administrative efficiency and increased regulatory challenges,thereby weakening the pollution control effectiveness of the BCS.The research findings provide empirical support

关 键 词：湾长制 近海污染 政策效应 空间双重差分 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]