我国蹦床运动员触网阶段身体重心变化的运动学研究  

Study on the Kinematic Characteristics of Body Center of Gravity Changes During the Contact Phase with the Trampoline Bed of Chinese Trampolinists

作　　者：尹军[1] 刘凯[1] 岳雷蛟 YIN Jun;LIU Kai;YUE Leijiao(School of Physical Education and Training,Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院体育教育训练学院,北京100191

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2024年第7期118-129,共12页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：2022年度北京市教学名师资助项目(项目编号:145123004)。

摘　　要：触网阶段技术动作是蹦床运动员完成空中高难度动作的基础,它决定着腾空高度、位移控制和空中动作质量,触网阶段技术动作越合理,“合网”的效果就越好。采用文献资料法、专家访谈法和测试法等研究方法,对触网阶段身体重心高度与速度变化特征、两脚距离变化特征、肩髋膝踝关节的角度变化特征,以及压网深度和下肢关节角度变化特征进行深入研究。结果表明,蹦床网面的反作用力与运动员的压网深度、离网速度与起跳高度、腾空高度与离网瞬时的初速度、下肢蹬伸力量与网上腾空高度,均具有正相关。但触网时间和网上跳跃高度之间不具有相关性,而且压网阶段运动员的左右肩关节角度变化也不具有一致性,左右髋膝踝关节的角度变化均呈现明显的对称性。The technical movements during the trampoline's contact phase serve as the foundation for athletes to per-form high-level airborne maneuvers.These movements play a crucial role in determining the height of takeoff,dis-placement control,and quality of aerial actions.The more reasonable the technical movements during the contact phase,the better the overall“netting”effect.In this study,we employed research methods such as literature re-view,expert interviews,and testing to deeply investigate the characteristics of changes in the height and velocity of the body's center of gravity during the contact phase,the changes in distance between the feet,the changes in an-gles of the shoulder,hip,knee,and ankle joints,as well as the depth of netting and changes in lower limb joint angles.The research findings revealed positive correlations between the reactive force of the trampoline surface and the athlete's netting depth,takeoff velocity,and jumping height,as well as between the height of netting and the initial velocity upon leaving the surface,and the force exerted during lower limb extension and netting height.How-ever,there was no correlation between the contact time and the jumping height,and there was no consistency in the changes in shoulder joint angles during the contact phase,while changes in the angles of the hip,knee,and ankle joints exhibited apparent symmetry.

关 键 词：蹦床 触网阶段 压网 弹网 角度 速度 身体中心 

分 类 号：G838[文化科学—体育训练]