“灰色地带”竞争:概念泛化与实践复杂化  

Gray Zone Competition:Generalization of Concepts and Complicated Practice

作　　者：胡波[1] HU Bo(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2024年第9期56-67,共12页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金专项研究成果(23VHQ002)。

摘　　要：“灰色地带”竞争是当前国际安全领域非常突出的现象,也是防务研究的一大热门议题。然而,现有的研究过于泛化和标签化,严重阻碍了研究的深入。本文系统梳理分析“灰色地带”竞争流行的大背景及研究的缘起,辨析“灰色地带”竞争的各类概念,提出“灰色地带”竞争若要作为一个相对确定的概念,必须同时满足灰色目标、灰色形态和灰色手段的“三灰”标准。由于时代变迁、制度演进和技术发展等方面的因素,以及海洋空间行动及规则的先天模糊性,当前的海上摩擦具有更鲜明的“灰色地带”竞争的特征。在此基础上,本文以海上“灰色地带”竞争为例,详细分析东亚域内域外国家在海上竞争中使用的四类主要灰色手段,以及它们与传统手段间的差异。“Gray zone”competition is a very prominent phenomenon in the current international security field and a hot topic in defense research.However,existing research has been generalized,politicized and labeled,seriously hindering the in-depth research.This article systematically analyzes the general background of the popularity of“gray zone”competition and the origin of research and its various concepts,and proposes that the“gray zone”competition,being used as a relatively certain concept,must simultaneously meet the“three grays”standard namely gray goals,gray forms and gray means.Due to changes in the times,institutional evolution,technological development and the inherent ambiguity of actions and rules in maritime space,current maritime frictions have more distinct characteristics of“gray zone”competition.On this basis,this article takes maritime“gray zone”competition as an example to analyze the four main gray approaches used by countries within and outside East Asia in maritime compe-tition,as well as the differences between them and traditional approaches.They are non-traditional military force,narrative competition,new type of diplomatic alliance and pressure,and abuses of international law and judicial arbitration procedures,being significantly different from traditional military,diplomatic,eco-nomic and legal means.On the basis of depoliticizing and avoiding generalization,the gray zone of peace and war is a concept and a huge and complex research field,it is thus worth for scholars engaged in international security and defense research to further expand the theory.The three gray criteria proposed in this paper is an attempt,hoping to serve as a starting point for future related research.Besides,the risk of“gray zone”competition escalating into armed conflict is real and rising.Therefore,“gray zone”competition still needs a certain bottom line,while relevant rules and norms are needed to avoid chaos and loss of control,requiring the future research on this field.

关 键 词：“灰色地带” 叙事竞争 海上民兵 混合战争 

分 类 号：D819[政治法律—国际关系]