考虑整机耦合的航空发动机临界转速分析  

Critical Speed Analysis of Aero-Engine Considering Rotor Casing Coupling Effect

作　　者：许京荆[1] 陈立全 汪鑫 刘云鹏 XU Jing-jing;CHEN Li-quan;WANG Xin;LIU Yun-peng(School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学机电工程与自动化学院,上海200444

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2024年第10期157-162,167,共7页Machinery Design & Manufacture

摘　　要：临界转速的研究是航空发动机设计阶段一项重要研究内容。目前航空发动机为追求高性能,机匣减重要求不断提高,因此其大多采用薄壁结构,导致机匣与转子之间的耦合效应明显加强。为此,本研究根据双转子航空发动机整机结构特点,建立发动机整机耦合力学模型,从理论上分析转子系统与机匣的耦合机理及其对临界转速的影响。为验证转子-机匣组成的整机耦合对临界转速的影响程度,分别采用不考虑转子-机匣耦合的单独转子动力学模型与考虑耦合的整机模型,分别求解高低压转子的临界转速,对比分析其结果差异发现:两种模型所求临界转速结果存在较大误差,其中两种模型所求的高压转子临界转速阶数不同,且低压转子所求的二阶临界转速误差为62.7%,为不可接受的误差,故采用整机耦合模型考虑转子与机匣的耦合效应后来求解航空发动机临界转速更为合理。The research on critical speed is an important part of aero-engine design.At present,in order to achieve high performance,the requirement for reducing the important case of aero-engine is constantly increasing.As a result,most of the aero-engines adopt thin-wall structure,which leads to the obvious enhancement of coupling effect between the case and the rotor.Therefore,based on the structural characteristics of twin-rotor aero-engine,this study establishes the mechanical model of engine coupling,and theoretically analyses the coupling mechanism of rotor system and casing and its influence on critical speed.In order to verify the influence of rotor-casing coupling on critical speed,a single rotor dynamic model without rotor-casing coupling and a complete machine model with coupling are used to solve the critical speed of high-pressure and low-pressure rotors respectively.By comparing and analyzing the results,it is found that there are large errors in the critical speed results obtained by the two models.The critical speed order of the high-pressure rotor required by the two models is different,and the second-order critical speed error required by the low-pressure rotor is 62.7%,which is unacceptable.Therefore,it is more reasonable to solve the critical speed of the aero-engine by using the whole-machine coupling model considering the coupling effect between the rotor and the casing.

关 键 词：航空发动机 临界转速 转子 整机耦合 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]