国际铌钽供需资源形势分析及对国内铌钽矿业发展的启示  

Analysis of the International Supply and Demand Situation of Niobium and Tantalum Resources and Its Implications for the Development of Domestic Niobium and Tantalum Mining

作　　者：甘正勤 杨潇 石威 王鼎 李晓东 苏虎虎 李太升 GAN Zheng-Qin;YANG Xiao;SHI Wei;WANG Ding;LI Xiao-Dong;SU Hu-Hu;LI Tai-Sheng(Yejin Geological Team of Hubei Geological Bureau,Shiyan 442000,Hubei,China;Eighth Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau,Xiangyang 441000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省地质局冶金地质勘探大队,湖北十堰442000 [2]湖北省地质局第八地质大队,湖北襄阳430040

出　　处：《华南地质》2024年第3期481-490,共10页South China Geology

基　　金：湖北省地质局矿产地质项目(KCDZ2024-16)。

摘　　要：铌和钽是高科技产业中不可或缺的稀有金属,但中国铌钽资源形势不容乐观。全球钽资源主要分布在澳大利亚和巴西,而铌资源则主要集中在巴西。在铌钽资源出口方面,刚果(金)、卢旺达和尼日利亚三国在钽资源供应中占据重要地位,供应量占全球的三分之二;而全球铌供应主要依赖巴西。在铌钽资源消费方面,美国在航空航天领域的钽消费占全球钽消费的近40%,中国因其庞大的粗钢产量成为全球铌消费的领跑者。在供需关系中,中国对铌和钽的资源对外依存度分别约为99%和93%。铌钽作为中国未来高质量发展的重要工业原料,用途多样、前景广阔。中国的科技发展对铌钽市场的稳定供应提出了更高要求,需要多方面促进产业链发展。因此,需加强地质勘查、制定科学的开发利用方案、推动产业链升级、加强二次资源回收技术攻关、构建战略储备体系等措施。这些措施将提高资源开发利用效率、稳定市场供应、促进产业升级,实现铌钽产业的可持续发展。Niobium and tantalum are indispensable rare metals in the global high-tech industry,yet the resource situation for niobium and tantalum in China is not optimistic.Globally,tantalum resources are primarily distributed in Australia and Brazil,while niobium resources are mainly concentrated in Brazil.Regarding niobium and tantalum exports,the Democratic Republic of Congo,Rwanda,and Nigeria play crucial roles in tantalum supply,contributing about two-thirds of the global supply;meanwhile,the global supply of niobium relies heavily on Brazil.Regarding consumption,the United States consumes nearly 40%of the worldwide tantalum in the aerospace sector,whereas China,due to its large crude steel production,leads in global niobium consumption.In terms of supply-demand relationships,China's external dependency on niobium and tantalum resources is approximately 99%and 93%,respectively.As critical industrial raw materials for China’s future high-quality development,niobium and tantalum have diverse applications and broad prospects.The development of science and technology in China poses higher demands for the stable supply of the niobium-tantalum market,necessitating multifaceted promotion of the industrial chain development.Therefore,it is essential to strengthen geological exploration,formulate scientific development and utilization plans,promote industrial chain upgrades,enhance secondary resource recycling technology,and establish strategic reserve systems.These measures will improve resource development and utilization efficiency,stabilize market supply,promote industrial upgrading,and achieve sustainable development of the niobium and tantalum industry.

关 键 词：铌 钽 国际资源形势 全球供需格局 国内资源形势 

分 类 号：F416.1[经济管理—产业经济] P966[天文地球—自然地理学]