3D打印在大规模空间建造中的应用  

3D Printing applications for large-scale construction in space

作　　者：张婧 王国瑾 陈心仪 李小军[1] ZHANG Jing;WANG Guojin;CHEN Xinyi;LI Xiaojun(China Academy of Space Technology(Xi’an),Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院西安分院,西安710000

出　　处：《空间电子技术》2024年第5期11-17,共7页Space Electronic Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:12175176)

摘　　要：3D打印作为代表国家航天实力的重要技术之一,在太空事业的发展中扮演着至关重要的角色。通过利用空间3D打印技术,我们能够摆脱地面制造带来的约束与限制,从而降低在地球上进行预制并将其运送到太空的成本和风险,为未来开展多样化、超大尺寸的空间结构提供了新的机会。3D打印技术可以在太空中直接制造出大型天线结构和太阳能电站,从而不再受限于地面制造的大小和重量,这将为太空资源的利用和未来太空探索提供更加灵活、高效的解决方案。文章阐述了空间3D打印技术的起源及发展背景,围绕其在太空环境的应用情况分别讨论了国内外开展空间3D打印技术在轨制造、构建大型空间结构以及星球基地等方面的研究进展;明确了相关技术在当前发展中的主要特点及问题,并阐述了其未来的发展方向;最后结合当前各国技术的发展和研究成果,提出了中国未来在太空中构建大规模空间天线和空间太阳能电站的研究设想,为我国太空3D打印技术在轨制造应用提供了借鉴和指引。3D printing,as one of the most important technologies representing the national aerospace strength,now plays a crucial role in the development of the space industry.The use of space 3D printing technology provides new opportunities for future diversified and oversized space structures by eliminating the constraints and limitations imposed as a result of terrestrial manufacturing and reducing the cost and risk of prefabrication on Earth and transportation to space.3D printing technology enables the direct fabrication of massive antenna structures and space solar power satellites in space,thereby no longer being limited by the size and weight of ground-based fabrication,which will provide a more flexible and efficient solution for the utilization of space resources and future space exploration.This paper introduces the origin and development background of 3D printing technology in space,discusses the research progress of 3D printing technology in space at home and abroad in the fields of on-orbit manufacturing,large-scale space structure construction and planetary bases,elucidates the main features and problems of the relevant technology in its current progress,as well as describes the way forward for its future development.Finally,combining the current development of domestic and foreign technologies and research results,the paper proposes China’s future research vision of building large-scale space antennas and space solar power satellite in space,which provides reference and guidance for the realization of 3D printing technology on orbit.

关 键 词：3D打印 在轨制造 空间太阳能站 大型天线 

分 类 号：V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]