潮州地区学龄期过敏性鼻炎患儿过敏原调查分析及健康教育作用的研究  

Investigation and analysis of allergens in school-age children with allergic rhinitis in Chaozhou area and the effect of health education on reducing the onset of allergic rhinitis

作　　者：王健艳 林叶青 王紫臣 张权照 WANG Jianyan;LIN Yeqing;WANG Zichen;ZHANG Quanzhao(Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the Third Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510630,China;Department of Otolaryngology,Chaozhou Central Hospital,Chaozhou,Guangdong,521000,China;Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510080,China;Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Macao Kiang Wu Hospital,Macao,999078,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,广东广州510630 [2]潮州市中心医院五官科,广东潮州521000 [3]中山大学临床医学系,广东广州510080 [4]澳门镜湖医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》2024年第9期580-584,共5页Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

摘　　要：目的调查潮州地区6~14岁学龄期过敏性鼻炎(AR)患者多种过敏原阳性率及分布,探讨健康教育对学龄期AR患者是否起到积极作用。方法随机抽查2024年1~5月就诊于潮州市中心医院门诊并确诊为AR的100例学龄期儿童过敏原检查的结果。另收集潮州市中心医院2024年1~5月门诊诊断为AR的100例学龄期儿童,干预前、后采取同一自制问卷进行调查,并对干预效果进行评价。结果潮州地区学龄期AR患儿中,过敏原阳性率前3位分别是屋尘螨/粉尘螨(42%)、牛奶(29%)、鸡蛋(23%),强阳性率前3位也同样是屋尘螨/粉尘螨(27%)、牛奶(18%)、鸡蛋(17%)。健康教育后如何减少AR发作相关问题回答正确率较干预前提高,AR健康知识整体知晓率为31.7%,干预后显著提升至91.4%,差异有统计学意义。结论了解潮州地区过敏原阳性率及分布对于诊断和管理过敏症状非常重要,可以帮助医师和患者更好的应对AR。健康教育能够显著提高学龄期儿童对AR的认识,促进其形成良好的卫生、运动习惯,对学龄期儿童预防和治疗AR有着积极的影响。OBJECTIVE To investigate the positive rates and distribution of multiple allergens in children aged 6 to 14 with allergic rhinitis(AR)in the Chaozhou area,and to explore whether health education plays a positive role in these patients.METHODS A random sample of 100 school-age children diagnosed with AR at the outpatient department of Chaozhou Central Hospital from January to May 2024 was selected for allergen testing.Additionally,100 school-age children diagnosed with AR at the outpatient department of Chaozhou Central Hospital from January to May 2024 were surveyed before and after intervention using the same self-made questionnaire,and the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated.RESULTS Among school-age children with AR in Chaozhou area,the top three positive rates of allergens were house dust mites/dust mites(42%),milk(29%)and egg(23%),and the top three strong positive rates were also house dust mites/dust mites(27%),milk(18%)and egg(17%).After health education,the correct response rate to questions on how to reduce AR attacks increased compared to before the intervention.The overall awareness of AR health knowledge was 31.7%,which significantly increased to 91.4%after the intervention,with a statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION Understanding the positive rates and distribution of allergens in the Chaozhou area is very important for diagnosing and managing allergic symptoms,which can help physicians and patients better cope with AR.Health education can significantly improve school-age children's understanding of AR,promote the formation of good hygiene habits and lifestyles,and has a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of AR in school-age children.

关 键 词：健康教育 儿童 鼻炎 过敏 变应原 学龄期儿童 预防和治疗 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R193[医药卫生—临床医学]