灌水量与加气对干播湿出棉田幼苗生长及光合特性的影响  

Effects of irrigation amount and aeration on seedling growth and photosynthetic characteristics of dry and wet cotton fields

作　　者：周琴 白云岗 柴仲平[1] 卢震林 张江辉 郑明 刘洪波 肖军 周豪杰 ZHOU Qin;BAI Yungang;CHAI Zhongping;LU Zhenlin;ZHANG Jianghui;ZHENG Ming;LIU Hongbo;XIAO Jun;ZHOU Haojie(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第10期1052-1057,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52269017);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”科技创新领军人才项目(2022TSYCLJ0069);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基金项目(KY2023109);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(2022A02007-3)。

摘　　要：为探讨灌水量与加气对干播湿出棉花幼苗的叶绿素、光合特性及干物质的影响,试验共设计了6个处理(WP1—WP6),其中WP1,WP2与WP3处理灌水定额分别为150,225与300 m^(3)/hm^(2),加气量分别为3600,5400与7200 L/hm^(2);WP4,WP5与WP6处理灌水定额分别为150,225与300 m^(3)/hm^(2),试验处理均不加气(作为对照).结果表明:随灌水量与加气量的升高,棉花幼苗叶片叶绿素含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,加气较不加气处理叶绿素含量最大可提高12.56%.加气对光下最大荧光F m′、光下最大光能利用效率F v′/F m′、光下光系统PSⅡ潜在光化学活性F v′/F 0′、实际原初光能捕获效率Yield具有提升效果.与非加气处理相比,加气处理的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别增加了0.4μmol/(m^(2)·s),0.2 mmol/(m^(2)·s)与3.0 mmol/(m^(2)·s)以上,胞间CO 2浓度降低了9 mmol/mol.同等灌水定额下,加气处理的干物质较非加气处理均有显著增加,其中WP2处理干物质增加显著.加气灌溉可显著提高棉花叶片叶绿素含量,增强光合作用,提高干物质积累量.In order to investigate the effects of irrigation amount and aeration on chlorophyll,photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter of dry-seeded wet-emergent cotton seedlings,six treatments(WP1,WP2,WP3,WP4,WP5 and WP6)were designed for the experimental study.The irrigation quota for WP1,WP2 and WP3 treatments was 150,225 and 300 m^(3)/hm^(2),respectively,with corresponding irrigation amounts of 3600,5400 and 7200 L/hm^(2),respectively.The irrigation quota of WP4,WP5,and WP6 treatments was 150,225 and 300 m^(3)/hm^(2),respectively,and the experimental treatments were not aerated(as a control).The results show that with the increase of irrigation amount and aeration,the chlorophyll content of cotton seedling leaves increases first and then decreases,and the chlorophyll content of cotton seedling leaves increases by 12.56%compared with those without ae-ration.Aeration can increase maximum fluorescence under light,maximum light energy utilization efficiency under light,potential photochemical activity of the photosystem PSⅡunder light,and actual primary light energy capture efficiency.Compared with non-aerated treatment,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductivity of leaves in aerated treatment increase by more than 0.4μmol/(m^(2)·s),0.2 mmol/(m^(2)·s)and 3.0 mmol/(m^(2)·s),respectively,and the intercellular CO 2 concentration decreases by more than 9 mmol/mol.Under the same irrigation quota,the dry matter of aerated treatment significantly increases than that of non-aerated treatment,and the dry matter of WP2 treatment increases significantly.Aerated irrigation can significantly increase the chlorophyll content,enhance photosynthesis,and increase dry matter accumulation in cotton leaves.

关 键 词：棉花 加气灌溉 叶绿素 光合特性 干物质 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]