算法自动化决策对正当程序原则的挑战与因应——基于行政执法的场景展开  

The challenge and response to the principle of due process in algorithmic automated decision-making Based on the scenario of administrative law enforcement

作　　者：王玉川 王亚利[1] WANG Yuchuan;WANG Yai(School of Law,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学法学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《河南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期38-45,共8页Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Social Sciences

基　　金：山西省社会科学院青年课题项目(YWQN202266);山西省人民检察院检察理论研究项目(SX2023B14)。

摘　　要：随着人工智能、大数据技术的快速发展,算法自动化决策逐渐应用于行政执法领域。其在行政执法过程中发挥着多重优势,提高了行政执法效率,推动了数字政府的建设,但同时使行政正当程序原则在一定情形下出现“失灵”:算法黑箱使行政公开无法践行、公民的程序性权利被压缩、证据证明力等受到挑战。为应对新型技术对行政正当程序原则的冲击,有关部门应增强算法透明度和可解释性、通过程序机制后移贯彻正当程序原则的要求、通过专业机构的评估与认证提升证据证明力,以此调适新技术的运用与行政正当程序原则的冲突,确保算法自动化决策在行政法治框架下作出。With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data technology,automatic algorithm decision-making is gradually applied in the field of administrative law enforcement.It plays multiple advantages in the process of administrative law enforcement,improves the efficiency of administrative law enforcement and promotes the construction of digital government.But it makes the principle of administrative due process appear“failure”under certain circumstances:the algorithm black box makes the administrative openness impossible to practice,the citizens’procedural rights are compressed,and the proof power of evidence and other are challenged.In order to cope with the impact of new technologies on the principle of administrative due process,the transparency and interpretability of algorithms should be enhanced,and the procedural mechanism should be moved back to implement the requirements of the principle of due process.What’s more,the evidential power should be improved through the evaluation and certification of professional institutions.In this way,the conflict between the application of new technology and the principle of administrative due process can be reconciled,and the automatic decision of algorithm can be made under the framework of administrative rule of law.

关 键 词：算法 自动化决策 行政执法 正当程序 算法可解释性 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]