棉隆与微生物菌剂联合应用对番茄土传病害及长势的影响  

Effect of Dazomet on Soil Borne Diseases and Growth of Tomatoes in Combination with Microbial Agent

作　　者：杨波 王喜刚 郭荣君[3] 张丽荣 沈瑞清 郭成瑾 李世东[3] YANG Bo;WANG Xigang;GUO Rongjun;ZHANG Lirong;SHEN Ruiqing;GUO Chengjin;LI Shidong(Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Agricultural Reclamation Administration Bureau Agriculture,Forestry and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Service Center,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏回族自治区农垦事业管理局农林牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川750021 [3]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2024年第10期65-71,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划资助项目(2019BFF02006);宁夏回族自治区青年拔尖人才培养工程资助项目(宁人社函[2017]787号)。

摘　　要：为明确不同棉隆用量与微生物菌剂联合应用对番茄土传病害的防效,采用温室小区试验法,以常规施肥为对照(CK),研究20 g·m^(-2)和40 g·m^(-2)棉隆用量与自制哈茨木霉菌剂和菌肥、商品淡紫拟青霉复合菌剂和菌肥配施对番茄根际土壤微生物、根结线虫以及番茄长势、品质和产量的影响。结果表明,各处理土壤中细菌数量显著高于CK,且处理间差异不显著;各处理土壤中根结线虫均未发生,而CK根结线虫数量为2170条·kg^(-1);各处理番茄植株发病率均显著低于CK,且处理间发病率差异不显著;各处理株高、茎粗、果实糖酸比、产量均显著高于CK,说明不同用量棉隆与微生物菌剂联合应用对番茄生长有一定促进作用,且对产量提高具有积极效应。在20 g·m^(-2)和40 g·m^(-2)棉隆用量下,土壤中微生物含量(放线菌除外)、番茄株高、茎粗、折合产量均无显著差异。综上,考虑节本增效和环境保护等方面,应用土壤熏蒸剂棉隆20 g·m^(-2)联合施用哈茨木霉菌剂和菌肥技术,能够达到有效防控番茄土传病害和增产提质双重效果。In order to clarify the effectiveness of the combined application of different amounts of dazomet and microbial agents in preventing tomato soil borne diseases,a greenhouse plot experiment was conducted using conventional fertilization as a control(CK).The effects of 20 g·m^(-2) and 40 g·m^(-2) amounts of dazomet combined with Trichoderma harzianum agent and fertilizer,Paecilomyces lilacinus and bacteria combined agent and fertilizer on tomato rhizosphere soil microorganisms,Meloidogyne,tomato growth,quality,and yield were studied.The results showed that the number of bacteria in the fumigated soil was significantly higher than that of CK,and the difference among fumigated treatments was not significant.Meloidogyne were not found in the fumigation soil,while the number of Meloidogyne in CK was 2170 in 1 kg soil.The incidence rate of tomato plants in the treatments was significantly lower than that in CK,but it was not significant among the four treatments.Secondly,the plant heights of tomato in treatments M20 and T20 fumigated with dazomet at a dosage of 20 g·m^(-2) were higher than that in treatments M40 and T40 fumigated with dazomet at a dosage of 40 g·m^(-2).However,no significant difference was observed on the stem diameter among the treatments,indicating that the combination of different dosages and microbial agents has a certain promoting effect on tomato growth and a positive effect on tomato yield.In summary,considering cost saving,efficiency improvement and environmental protection,it is indicated that the application of soil fumigantion with dazomet at the dosage of 20 g·m^(-2) combined with Trichoderma harzianum agent and fertilizer could control the tomato soil borne diseases effectively and improve the tomato yield and quality.

关 键 词：棉隆 微生物菌剂 土壤微生物 防效 产量 

分 类 号：S436.412[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]