山东沂南县典型蔬菜区土壤肥力特征分析与评价  

Analysis and Evaluation of Soil Fertility Characteristics in Typical Vegetable Areas of Yi’nan County,Shandong Province

作　　者：卢敏 刘燕 李彦[2] 王婷婷 井永苹[2] 刘兆东 张英鹏[2] LU Min;LIU Yan;LI Yan;WANG Tingting;JING Yongping;LIU Zhaodong;ZHANG Yingpeng(Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yi’nan County,Linyi 276300,Shandong,China;State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management,Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Prevention,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Environmental Protection Fertilizers,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ji’nan 250100,Shandong,China;Stanley Agriculture Group Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276700,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]沂南县农业技术推广中心,山东临沂276300 [2]养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室,农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东省农业面源污染防控重点实验室,山东省环保肥料工程技术研究中心,山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100 [3]史丹利农业集团股份有限公司,山东临沂276700

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2024年第10期122-128,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2021CXGC010801);沂蒙创新领军人才岗位项目(创新平台类);泰山学者工程项目(tstp20230646);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-30-01)。

摘　　要：为了解山东沂南县设施菜地土壤肥力状况,以沂南县6个乡镇和1个街道的设施黄瓜和番茄土壤为研究对象,分别测定土壤pH、盐分、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等指标,通过内梅罗公式法对土壤肥力进行综合评价。结果表明:沂南设施黄瓜和番茄土壤均出现一定程度的酸化,微酸性占比分别为25.00%和44.83%。设施黄瓜土壤以轻度盐渍化和无盐渍化为主,占比分别为43.75%和34.37%,而设施番茄土壤则以无盐渍化、轻度和中度盐渍化为主,占比分别为34.48%、31.03%和24.14%。沂南县设施黄瓜和番茄土壤的主要肥力指标,除钾外(全钾处于中等),其余均处于较高和高等级。设施黄瓜土壤肥力综合评价等级为一般和肥沃,而设施番茄土壤肥力综合评价等级为瘦瘠、一般和肥沃。其中,盐分、全钾和pH是影响设施黄瓜和番茄土壤肥力的主要因素。由于土壤酸化和盐分积累均与土壤表层氮、磷积累有关,沂南县典型设施菜区的氮、磷养分投入应根据土壤氮、磷含量来确定,适当补充钾素,降低土壤盐渍化和酸化程度,从而保持较高的土壤肥力。In order to understand the soil fertility status of greenhouse vegetables in Yinan County,Shandong Province,soil samples were collected from greenhouse cucumber and tomato in six towns and one street to determine the soil nutrients,such as pH,salinity,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and so on.The soil fertility was comprehensively evaluated by Nemerow index method.The results showed that there are acidification problems in greenhouse tomato and cucumber,with slightly acidic proportions of 25.00%and 44.83%,respectively.The light salinization and non-salinization of greenhouse cucumber were 43.75%and 34.37%,respectively.Whereas non-salinization,light salinization and moderate salinization of greenhouse tomato were 34.48%,31.03%and 24.14%,respectively.Except for total potassium(moderate level),the soil fertility status of greenhouse cucumber and tomato were in high grade and very high grade.Integrated soil quality evaluation grade of greenhouse cucumber belonged to average and fertile.While greenhouse tomato belonged to lean,average and fertile.The soil fertility was mainly influenced by the salt content,total potassium,and pH.Since soil acidification and salt accumulation were related to surface accumulation of excessive nitrogen and phosphorus,nitrogen/phosphorus fertilizer should be reduced according to soil nitrogen/phosphorus contents,and potassium fertilizer should be applied appropriately to reduce soil salinization and acidification,and maintain high fertility.

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 肥力特征 土壤盐渍化 土壤肥力评价 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]