遮阴方式和时间对海南雪茄田间小气候、烟叶生长及产质量的影响  

Effects of shading methods and timing on field microclimate,growth,yield,and quality of Hainan cigar tobacco

作　　者：贺远 李龙科 高华军 耿召良 刘春奎 郭栋 陈国瑀 史晓芙 伍宗毅 贾超峰 HE Yuan;LI Longke;GAO Huajun;GENG Zhaoliang;LIU Chunkui;GUO Dong;CHENG Guoyu;SHI Xiaofu;WUZhongyi;JIA Chaofeng(College of Tobacco Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Haikou Cigar Research Institute of Hainan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation,Haikou 571199,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业大学烟草科学与工程学院,烟草行业烟草工业生物技术重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]中国烟草总公司海南省公司海口雪茄研究所,海口571100

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2024年第5期62-73,共12页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：中国烟草总公司揭榜挂帅项目“基于遮阴栽培的海南茄衣定向调控关键技术研究与应用”(110202201038(XJ-09));中国烟草总公司雪茄烟重大专项“国产雪茄烟叶优质高效栽培技术研究”(110202101013(XJ-05));中国烟草总公司海南省公司重点科技项目“提升海南雪茄烟叶可用性生产技术研究与应用”(2020001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同遮阴方式和时间对海南雪茄田间小气候、烟叶生长及产质量的影响。【方法】设全生育期不遮阴(Z1)、移栽后第3周烟株顶部遮阴(Z2)、移栽后第5周烟株顶部遮阴(Z3)、移栽后第3周烟株四周全遮阴(Z4)、移栽后第5周烟株四周全遮阴(Z5)5个处理,测定雪茄烟田小气候、烟株农艺性状及发酵后烟叶理化指标,并进行感官评价,计算烟叶经济效益。【结果】遮阴处理雪茄烟株高增加、茎围减小,烟叶最大叶长、宽增大,厚度变薄。遮阴处理下冠层光照强度、空气温度、风速下降,空气湿度提高,全遮阴处理对冠层降温增湿、风速减缓效果更明显。Z3发酵后烟叶叶长、叶宽、叶面积和伸长量较好,遮阴处理雪茄烟叶燃烧后灰分灰度值升高,烟叶钾、氯含量上升,烟碱与总氮含量下降;综合感官评价得分以Z3最高,且Z3茄衣产出率、经济效益分别较Z1提高90.23%、12.24%。【结论】移栽后第5周烟株顶部遮阴处理烟叶综合产质量较好,可在海南儋州烟区推广应用。[Background]This study aims to investigate the effects of different shading methods and timings on field microclimate,tobacco growth,and yield quality of Hainan cigar.[Methods]Five treatments were set up:no shading for the entire growth period(Z1),shading the top of the tobacco plants in the 3rd week after transplanting(Z2),shading the top of the tobacco plants in the 5th week after transplanting(Z3),shading the entire area around the tobacco plants in the 3rd week after transplanting(Z4),and shading the entire area around the tobacco plants in the 5th week after transplanting(Z5).Measurements were taken for field microclimate,agronomic traits of tobacco plants,and physicochemical indices of fermented tobacco leaves,followed by sensory evaluation and calculation of the economic benefits of the tobacco leaves.[Results]Shading treatments increased the height of the cigar tobacco plants,reduced the stem circumference,increased the maximum leaf length and width,and thinned the leaf thickness.Shading decreased the light intensity,air temperature,and wind speed in the canopy,while increasing air humidity.Full shading had a more pronounced effect on cooling,humidifying,and reducing wind speed in the canopy.After fermentation,Z3 had better leaf length,width,leaf area,and elongation.Shading treatments increased the gray value of ash after burning and the content of potassium and chlorine in the tobacco leaves,while reducing nicotine and total nitrogen content.The comprehensive sensory evaluation score was highest for Z3,and the yield and economic benefits of Z3 increased by 90.23%and 12.24%respectively compared to Z1.[Conclusion]The shading treatment on the top of the tobacco plants in the 5th week after transplanting resulted in the best overall yield and quality of the tobacco leaves and can be recommended for application in the Danzhou tobacco-growing area in Hainan.

关 键 词：雪茄 遮阴栽培 田间小气候 经济效益 产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]