黑曜岩实验打制品使用后的痕迹特征  

Use-wear characteristics of the obsidian experimental artifacts

作　　者：李尧[1] 陈虹[1] 徐廷 LI Yao;CHEN Hong;XU Ting(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028;Archaeology and Museology School of Liaoning University,Shenyang 110136)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学艺术与考古学院,杭州310028 [2]辽宁大学考古文博学院,沈阳110136

出　　处：《人类学学报》2024年第5期727-743,共17页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(23AKG001)。

摘　　要：为完整了解黑曜岩石制品在暗场与明场的使用痕迹特征,本文开展了黑曜岩打制实验,并使用这些石制品加工肉类、皮革、禾本科植物、木材、骨骼、鹿角、赭石等实验材料。实验结果显示:1)材料硬度会对痕迹组合特征产生重要影响。随着加工对象硬度的增高,片疤的尺寸逐渐变大;刃脊的磨圆和光泽由光滑向粗糙转变;线状痕出现由流畅型向间歇型或蕨叶型转化;2)刃角与动作也会对使用痕迹产生影响。切动作的光泽多呈微小且不连续状,但线状痕发育明显,并与刃脊平行或斜交;刮动作的光泽呈连续状,但线状痕发育较弱,并与刃脊垂直;3)加工时长对黑曜岩光泽痕迹的影响并不明显。本项研究系统观察了黑曜岩石制品加工的多种材料的痕迹特征,并与其他学者的结论进行了对比。本研究将为继续深入探讨我国东北与西藏地区的黑曜岩石制品的功能,以及该地区古人类的生存策略提供数据支持。In order to completely understand the use-wear of obsidian lithic artifacts under Dark and Bright Field,the utilization experiments of obsidian were carried out on various processed material,such as meat,hide,gramineous plants,wood,bone,antler and ochre.Four items were recorded:micro-scarrings,abrasion,striation,and polish.Various of use wear patterns have be concluded in this project,including:1)Smooth,continuous polish and sleek striation,related to hide work.2)Rolled-over micro-scarrings,continuous and bright polish,associated with processing gramineous plants.3)Rolled-over micro-scarrings,rough polish with comet-like pits,and intermittent striations,associated with wood work.4)Continuous micro-scarrings with hinged and stepped termination,caused by contacting with bone and antler work.5)Fern like striations without polish,associated with processing non-organic material.5)Metal luster,associated with processing ochre.The effect of processed material,edge angle,action and processing time on microwear patterns were also discussed.The results showed that:1)The hardness of processed material had great effect on the microwear patterns.With the hardness increasing,the size of micro-scarrings became larger;the abrasion and polish on the ridges grew from smooth to rough;and the striation changed from sleek form to intermittent or rough-bottomed form.2)The angles of lithic artifact edge and actions also mattered.When cutting with thin-edged tools,discontinuous polish and strong striations will be formed.The striation are always parallel to or oblique to the ridge.While scraping with thick-edged tools,continuous polish and weak striations will be formed.The striations are perpendicular to the ridge.3)The length of processing had a weak effect on use wear patterns.Various typical microwear patterns were developed in a very short time.The microwear patterns of obsidian and flint were compared briefly in this study.The results indicated that obsidian and flint share same wear patterns on samples which were used for process

关 键 词：黑曜岩 实验考古 微痕 光泽 

分 类 号：K876.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]