河南汉族儿童头面部的形态特征  

Morphological characteristics of the head and face of Han children in Henan

作　　者：王旭 万腾淑 刘雪敏 李孟思 翟家淇 赵春旺 WANG Xu;WAN Tengshu;LIU Xuemin;LI Mengsi;ZHAI Jiaqi;ZHAO Chunwang(School of Fashion,Henan University of Engineering,Zhengzhou 451191;Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191;College of Textile and Clothing Engineering,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021)

机构地区：[1]河南工程学院服装学院,郑州451191 [2]中原工学院纺织服装产业研究院,郑州451191 [3]苏州大学纺织与服装工程学院,苏州215021

出　　处：《人类学学报》2024年第5期813-827,共15页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(232102231032);河南省高等学校大学生创新训练计划项目(202411517028)。

摘　　要：儿童的生长发育速度较快,不同地区和年龄的儿童头面部尺寸差异较大。为给儿童头戴式产品的号型设计提供数据参考,提升产品的适配性,本研究采用手工测量的方式对337名河南地区6-14岁汉族儿童的11项头面部指标进行测量,运用SPSS 25.0统计软件对不同年龄、性别、区域的儿童头面部尺寸数据及形态特征进行对比分析,并探讨儿童头面部尺寸的号型划分法。结果表明,儿童的头宽、面宽、鼻宽等11个测量指标均符合正态分布,大部分测量指标之间均存在显著相关性。不同年龄段、性别、区域儿童的一些头面部测量指标之间存在显著性差异;年龄与各项测量指标呈正相关关系;男童的各项头面部尺寸测量值普遍均大于女童;不同时期采集的儿童头面部指标大多均存在显著性差异,其中女童存在显著性差异的指标总数多于男童;6-14岁儿童中,特圆头型、超阔面形、中鼻型的分布数量最多。对比离差法、方差法、分栏法三种头面部号型标准体的计算方法,其中分栏法最为精准。本研究更新和丰富了河南地区儿童头面部数据库,可为开发符合人体工效学的儿童头面部产品提供数据支撑,并为人体头面部测量提供理论参考。The growth and development rate of children is rapid,and the size of the head and face of children in different regions and ages varies greatly.To provide data reference for the size design of children’s headwear products and improve the fitness of products,11 cephalic and facial indexes of 337 Han nationality children aged 6-14 in Henan region were measured by manual measurement.SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used to compare and analyze the head and face size data and morphological characteristics of children of different ages,genders and regions,and to explore the method of type division of children’s head and face size.The results showed that 11 measurement indexes such as head breadth,face breadth and nose breadth of children were in line with normal distribution,and most of the measurements were significantly correlated with each other.There were significant differences in some cephalic and facial indexes among children of different ages,genders and regions.Age was positively correlated with the indexes.And the measurement indexes of boys were generally greater than those of girls.Most of the children’s cephalic and facial indexes collected at different periods have significant differences,and the total number of indexes with significant differences in girls is more than that of boys.Among the children aged 6-14,the distribution number of super round head,super wide face and middle nose were the most.Compared with the calculation methods of head and face size of standard body using deviation method,variance method and column method,the column method is the most accurate.This study updates and enriches the head and face database for children in Henan,providing data support for the development of ergonomic children’s head and face products and theoretical reference for human head and face measurement.

关 键 词：头面部尺寸 河南地区 汉族儿童 号型 头面部指数 

分 类 号：Q984[生物学—人类学] TS941[轻工技术与工程—服装设计与工程]