固体沥青形态、成因以及应用研究进展  

Research Progress on Solid Bitumen Morphology,Genesis,and Application

作　　者：李长志[1,2] 郭佩 豆霜 文华国[2,3] LI ChangZhi;GUO Pei;DOU Shuang;WEN HuaGuo(College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Institution of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,PetroChina,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地球与行星科学学院,成都610059 [2]成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,成都610059 [3]成都理工大学沉积地质研究院,成都610059 [4]中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,成都610041

出　　处：《沉积学报》2024年第5期1479-1493,共15页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42002116)。

摘　　要：【目的】固体沥青广泛分布于全球各大含油气盆地中,在油气勘探领域具有广阔的应用前景,特别对深层—超深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探尤为重要。然而,在固体沥青具体应用过程中,也存在固体沥青反射率难以确定、油气源对比参数适用性受成因约束等诸多问题,若不妥善处理,可能会得出错误的成果认识。因此,需要对固体沥青在油气勘探中的应用进行有效的归纳总结。【方法】此次研究结合广泛的文献调研,首先对与应用研究密切相关的固体沥青形态学特征和成因类型进行分析,然后总结固体沥青在油气勘探中的诸多应用并指出其中的优势与不足。【结果】固体沥青发育复杂多样的光性结构,主要受形成环境、母质成分等因素控制;其同样具有复杂多样的超显微形态,可能受运移和天然气的生成及逸散等因素控制。固体沥青具有多种成因类型,在有机元素组成、碳和硫同位素值以及生物标志化合物组成等方面差异显著;可用于指示油气的生成和运聚、表征热演化成熟度以及追踪油气来源等,但由于不同成因固体沥青油气源对比参数的适用性差异很大,应用时需判断其成因类型。【结论】该研究为固体沥青的有效应用提供了有力的支撑,对深层—超深层油气勘探具有重要的指导作用。[Objective]Solid bitumen is commonly distributed in petroliferous basins worldwide,and it has been of great interest to the oil and gas exploration.Solid bitumen is particularly important for the oil and gas exploration in deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs.However,a number of problems exist in the concrete application of solid bitumen in oil and gas exploration such as its reflectance is hard to determine under the microscope and the applicability of oil/gas-source correlation parameters of solid bitumen is constrained by its genesis type.If these problems are not addressed,achieved results may be incorrect.As a result,it is important to effectively analyze and summarize the multiple application of solid bitumen in the oil and gas exploration[.Methods]Based on extensive research,the morphological characteristics and genetic types of solid bitumen that are closely related to its application in the oil and gas exploration are systematic analyzed,and the multiple applications of solid bitumen in the oil and gas exploration are summarized.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the applications of solid bitumen in the oil and gas exploration are identified.[Results]The results are as follows.Solid bitumen is characterized by complex and diverse optical structures,such as isotropic,fine-grained mosaic,medium-grained mosaic,coarse-grained mosaic,coarse flow mosaic,domain,and fibrous optical structures,which are controlled by factors such as formation environment and parent material composition.Solid bitumen also has complex and diverse ultramicroscopic morphology,such as massive,finger-like,vesicular,warty,sheet-like,thin-skinned globular,botryoidalis,and vermicular ultramicroscopic morphology,which may be affected by factors such as migration and the generation and escalation of natural gas.Solid bitumen has multiple genetic types,such as thermal chemical alteration,anaerobic or aerobic biodegradation,deasphalting,and thermochemical sulfate reduction,which have significant differences in organic element com

关 键 词：固体沥青 微观结构 成因类型 热演化成熟度 油气源对比 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]