高纯铜制备方法及研究进展  

Preparation Methods and Research Progress of High Purity Copper

作　　者：王东[1,2,3,4] 于昊松[1,2,3,4] 梁栋 王立鹏 马廷壮 余镕 杨斌 田阳[1,2,3,4] WANG Dong;YU Haosong;LIANG Dong;WANG Lipeng;MA Tingzhuang;YU Rong;YANG Bin;TIAN Yang(Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学云南省有色金属真空冶金重点实验室,昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室,昆明650093 [3]昆明理工大学真空冶金国家工程研究中心,昆明650093 [4]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第19期153-163,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202102AB080008,202102AB080005);云南省科技厅科技计划资助项目(202305AS350012)。

摘　　要：高纯铜因其优良的物理化学性质,在集成电路、半导体、航空航天等领域发挥重要作用。我国是铜生产与消费第一大国,但99.999%及以上高纯铜高效制备技术的缺乏制约着铜产业竞争力的提升,如何高效制备高纯铜是行业研究的重点。本文从高纯铜的制备方法及生产工艺出发,综述了电解、萃取、离子交换、真空蒸馏、区域熔炼等高纯铜制备工艺的研究现状,主要包括纯化机理、制备效率及提纯效果,着重归纳了添加剂、温度梯度、电流密度、保温时间等因素对制备高纯铜的影响。最后,通过对比湿法工艺与火法工艺的优缺点,重点探讨了火法真空蒸馏制备高纯铜的现状,并根据目前高纯铜制备的研究进展,展望了未来高纯铜制备的发展方向。High purity copper plays an important role in integrated circuits,semiconductors,aerospace and other fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties.China is the largest country in copper production and consumption.However,the improvement of the competitiveness in copper industry is restricted by the lack of efficient preparation technology for 99.999%and above.How to efficiently prepare high-purity copper becoming the focus of industry research.In this paper,the research status of high-purity copper preparation processes such as electrolysis,extraction,ion exchange,vacuum distillation,and zone melting are reviewed based on the preparation methods and production processes of high-purity copper,including purification mechanism,preparation efficiency,and purification effect.The effects of additives,temperature gradient,current density,and holding time on the preparation of high-purity copper are summarized.Finally,the present situation of high purity copper prepared by vacuum distillation is discussed through comparing the advantages and disadvantages between the hydrometallurgy process and the pyrometallurgy process.According to the current research progress of the preparation of high purity copper,the future development direction of the preparation of high purity copper is prospected.

关 键 词：铜 高纯材料 分离纯化 绿色 湿法冶金 火法冶金 

分 类 号：TF114[冶金工程—冶金物理化学] TF135