论夫妻一方侵权纠纷的共同债务认定及清偿  

On the cognizance and settlement of joint debt in tort dispute by one spouse

作　　者：马海蓉[1] MA Hai-rong(Law school,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai,200083,China)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学法学院,上海200083

出　　处：《闽西职业技术学院学报》2024年第3期46-50,共5页Journal of Minxi Vocational and Technical College

摘　　要：民法典第一千零六十四条解决了意定之债情形下夫妻共同债务的认定类型,但对夫妻一方侵权导致的法定损害赔偿债务是否认定为共同债务及如何清偿未予以明确规定。鉴于婚姻伦理中的夫妻共同体以及侵权受害人保护理念,可将民法典第一千零六十四条第二款作目的性扩大解释,把夫妻一方为了夫妻共同利益(包括共同生活或共同生产经营)所为的基础行为但后被认定为侵权所产生的债务视为夫妻共同债务。在清偿时考虑侵权行为的不可预见性及对受害人弱势地位的保护,适当减轻原告即债权人的举证责任,同时债务人配偶承担有限的连带清偿责任,从而实现均无过错的受害人和加害人配偶之间的利益平衡。Article 1064 of the Civil Code addresses the types of joint debts for spouses in cases of contractual obligations,but it does not clearly define whether debts arising from tortious acts by one spouse leading to statutory damages are considered joint debts,nor does it specify how they should be settled.Considering the marital ethos of spousal unity and the principle of protecting the victim in tort cases,it is feasible to interpret Paragraph 2 of Article 1064 purposively to include debts arising from tortious acts committed by one spouse for the joint benefit of the couple(including their communal life or joint business operations)as joint debts.In settling these debts,considering the unpredictability of the tort and the protection of the vulnerable position of the victim,the burden of proof of the plaintiff namely the creditor,should be appropriately reduced,and the spouse of the debtor should bear the limited joint and several liability,so as to achieve the balance of interests between the victim and the spouse of the perpetrator who are not at fault.

关 键 词：夫妻一方侵权 夫妻共同债务 利益平衡 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]