热区葡萄育种研究进展  

Grape breeding in tropical and subtropical regions:A review

作　　者：王博[1] 郭荣荣 成果[2] 韩佳宇[2] 林玲[2] 何建军 白扬 谢蜀豫 王举兵 白先进[2] WANG Bo;GUO Rong-rong;CHENG Guo;HAN Jia-yu;LIN Ling;HE Jian-jun;BAI Yang;XIE Shu-yu;WANG Ju-bing;BAI Xian-jin(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China;Grape and Wine Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Guangxi Academy of Special Crops/Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Specialized Economic Crops in North Guangxi,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Zhencheng Agricultural Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530105,China;Fruit Technical Guidance Station of Guangxi,Nanning,Guangxi 530022,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所,广西南宁530007 [3]广西特色作物研究院/广西桂北特色经济作物种质创新与利用实验室,广西桂林541004 [4]广西真诚农业有限公司,广西南宁530105 [5]广西水果技术指导站,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第8期2374-2385,共12页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB21196042);广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026047);南宁市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20232052);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT127)。

摘　　要：葡萄是温带果树,葡萄生产及新品种培育主要分布在气候干燥凉爽的温带地区。随着避雨、破眠、一年两收等葡萄栽培新技术的推广,热区葡萄由于早熟、错季经济效益明显,近年发展迅猛,该区已成为我国特色优势栽培区。葡萄新品种对葡萄产业的快速发展起着重要推动作用。文章结合国内外研究进展提出热区葡萄育种的必要性,概述当前热区葡萄产业现状、主栽葡萄品种及存在问题:由于我国热区葡萄育种工作起步较晚,目前热区主栽葡萄品种仍为温带地区育成,均不耐湿热,存在着色障碍、品质下降、抗性差、易感多种病虫害、需冷量较高、发芽不整齐和易发生日灼等“水土不服”问题。文章分析了热区育种的优势:热区积温高,实生苗生长量大,结果早,育种效率高;热区分布的野生耐热葡萄资源丰富,是培育耐热抗性强新品种的宝贵材料;热区逆境条件可为耐热抗病葡萄新品种的选育提供天然的筛选环境。总结湿热地区葡萄育种研究进展,包括葡萄栽培技术基础、育种机构和专业技术人才队伍情况。阐述广西葡萄种质资源引进与评价的基础,介绍巴西热区葡萄遗传育种研究计划的代表性新品种及广西热区葡萄选育品种的登记及保护情况,并提出我国热区葡萄育种下一步工作计划。在高热高湿、降雨多、日照时数少、冬季低温时数少的热区逆境气候环境下选育早熟优质、抗性强、易栽培和耐储运葡萄新品种是热区葡萄产业健康高质量可持续发展的保障,对提升热区葡萄新质生产力具有重要意义。Grape is a kind of temperate fruit tree,and grape production and new-variety breeding are also mainly distributed in temperate regions with dry and cool climates.However,with the promotion of new grape cultivation techniques such as rain shelter,dormancy breaking and double-harvest-a-year,the grape industry in tropical and subtropical regions has developed rapidly in recent years due to its early maturity and distinct off-season economic benefits.It has become a characteristic and advantageous cultivation area in China.New grape varieties played an important role in promoting the rapid development of grape industry.Based on the research progress at home and abroad,this paper proposed the necessity of grape breeding in tropical and subtropical regions,summarized the current situation of grape industry in tropical and subtropical areas,the main cultivated grape varieties,and the existing problems.Due to the late start of grape breeding in tropical and subtropical regions of China,the main cultivating grape varieties in these regions were still bred in temperate regions.These varieties were not resistant to heat and humidity and exhibited problems such as coloring disorders,quality decline,poor resistance,susceptibility to various diseases and pests,high chilling requirements,uneven germination,and susceptibility to sunburn,indicating their unsuitability to the local environment.Then the advantages of breeding in tropical and subtropical regions were further analyzed.The accumulated temperature in tropical and subtropical areas was high,the growth of seedlings was vigorous,fruiting occurred early,and the breeding efficiency was high.In addition,the wild heat-tolerant grape resources distributed in tropical and subtropical regions were abundant and they were valuable materials for cultivating new varieties with strong heat and disease resistance.The stress conditions in these areas could provide a natural screening environment for the selection of new varieties of heat-tolerant and disease-resistant grapes.The resear

关 键 词：热区 逆境 葡萄 育种 优势 进展 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]