投喂不同饵料对斑鳜生长及消化性能的影响  

Effects of feeding different diets on growth and digestive performance of spotted mandarin fish(Siniperca scherzeri)

作　　者：赖铭勇[1] LAI Ming-yong(Fujian Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省淡水水产研究所,福建福州350002

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第8期2523-2534,共12页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-46);福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(闽财指[2023]600号);福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(闽农综[2021]5号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri)摄食配合饲料后其生长与消化性能的变化规律,为开展以配合饲料替代传统饵料鱼的斑鳜规模养殖提供参考依据。【方法】选取驯化和未驯化斑鳜苗种各180尾,分别投喂配合饲料和活饵鱼,饲养20周后饥饿24 h,测定分析其生长性能、消化酶活性、肠道组织结构及肠道微生物群落结构。【结果】至饲养20周后,饲料组斑鳜的存活率、脏体比与活饵组斑鳜相比无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),但终末体质量、增重率及饲料系数显著低于活饵组斑鳜(P<0.05,下同);饲料组斑鳜肠道α-淀粉酶活性显著高于活饵组斑鳜,胰蛋白酶活性显著低于活饵组斑鳜,而胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性无显著差异。此外,饲料组斑鳜肠道的肌层厚度和黏膜褶皱高度均显著低于活饵组斑鳜,但二者间的肠黏膜褶皱数无显著差异。在肠道微生物群落方面,饲料组斑鳜肠道微生物群落的ACE指数和Chao1指数显著低于活饵组斑鳜,但Shannon指数和Simpson指数无显著差异;2种饵料投喂模式下斑鳜肠道微生物群落结构均以变形菌门、厚壁菌门、软壁菌门和放线菌门为绝对优势菌门,其相对丰度之和在98.00%以上;在属分类水平上,饲料组斑鳜肠道内的伯克霍尔德菌属相对丰度显著高于活饵组斑鳜,而鞘氨醇盒菌属和支原体属相对丰度显著低于活饵组斑鳜。【结论】以配合饲料替代活饵投喂斑鳜,其生长速度显著降低,肠道组织结构、消化酶活性及肠道微生物群落结构出现适应性变化,尤其是配合饲料的投喂有助于维持肠道微生物稳定性。可见,以配合饲料替代活饵养殖斑鳜具有可行性,但还需进一步优化饲料营养组分及投喂策略,提高配合饲料养殖下斑鳜的生长速率。【Objective】To study the changes of growth and digestive performance of spotted mandarin fish(Siniperca scherzeri)after feeding on the compound feed,which provided reference for the large-scale culture of S.Scherzeri by using the compound feed instead of the traditional forage fish.【Method】A total of 180 domesticated individuals and 180 undomesticated individuals were fed with compound feed and live forage fish respectively,and starved for 24 h after feeding 20 weeks.The growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,intestinal structure and intestinal microbiota structure of S.scherzeris were determined and analyzed.【Result】After 20 weeks of feeding,the survival rate,viscero-body ratio of S.scherzeri in compound feed group had no significant differences compared with those in live bait group(P>0.05,the same below),but the final body weight,weight gain rate and feed coefficient were significantly lower than those in live bait group(P<0.05,the same below).The intestinalα-amylase activity of compound feed group was significantly higher than that of the live bait group,and the trypsin activity was significantly lower,but there was no significant difference in pepsin and lipase activities between the two groups.In addition,the thickness of muscle layer and the height of mucosal folds of S.scherzeri in compound feed group were significantly lower than those in live bait group,but there was no significant difference in the number of intestinal folds between the two groups.In terms of intestinal microbiota,the ACE index and Chao1 index of intestinal microbiota of S.scherzeri in compound feed group were significantly lower than those in live bait group,but there was no significant difference in Shannon index and Simpson index between the two groups.Under the two feeding patterns,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Tenericutes and Actinobacteria were the dominant microbiota,and the sum of their relative abundance was more than 98.00%.At the genus classification level,the relative abundance of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Par

关 键 词：斑鳜 配合饲料 活饵 生长性能 消化酶活性 肠道组织 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S965.127[农业科学—水产养殖]