食用菌菌种分子生物学检测研究进展  

Research progress on molecular biological detection of edible mushroom strains

作　　者：宋浩源 赵鹏[1] SONG Haoyuan;ZHAO Peng(School of Horticulture,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学园艺学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第10期9-17,共9页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

摘　　要：近年来,我国食用菌产业发展迅速,食用菌菌种混乱、来源不清等问题已成为制约产业发展的重要因素。传统的食用菌菌种鉴定方法,如形态学特征观察、品种拮抗试验等,虽然在一定程度上能够满足需求,但存在鉴定周期长、准确性不高等问题。分子生物学技术的不断进步,为食用菌产业发展提供了强大的技术支撑,也提升了食用菌菌种检测、品种鉴定与种质资源保护水平。常见的食用菌菌种分子生物学检测方法有DNA分子标记、DNA序列分析与DNA条形码技术等。DNA分子标记技术包括以分子杂交为基础的DNA标记,如RFLP;以PCR为基础的各种DNA指纹技术,如RAPD;以及以测序为基础的新型分子标记,如SNP与MNP等。DNA序列分析技术主要指ITS、IGS以及基于基因组测序技术的序列分析。DNA条形码技术包括ITS条形码和蛋白编码基因条形码,如EF-1α、β-tubulin等。概述了近年来食用菌菌种分子生物学检测领域的研究进展,提出了食用菌菌种分子检测技术的发展建议,为食用菌菌种的快速准确鉴定及品种选育等提供参考。In recent years,edible mushroom industry of China has developed rapidly.But the problems such as confusion and unclear source of edible mushroom strains have become important issues restricting the development of the industry.Classic identification methods of edible mushroom strains such as morphologic characteristic observation,analysis of variety antagonistic reaction are time-consuming and inaccurate sometimes.The continuous progress of molecular biology technology has provided strong technical support for the development of edible mushroom industry and facilitates the detection of edible mushroom strains,variety identification and genetic resource conservation.The molecular methods of edible mushroom strains are DNA marker method,DNA sequence analysis and DNA barcoding.DNA marker techniques include the methods based on molecular hybridization such as RFLP,DNA fingerprinting methods based on PCR technique such as RAPD and novel markers based on the genome sequencing such as SNP and MNP.DNA sequence analysis technique is the analysis of ITS,IGS and the analysis based on genome sequencing.DNA barcoding technique includes the ITS barcoding and house-keeping gene barcoding such as EF-1α,β-tubulin.In this paper,the research progress on the molecular biological detection of edible mushroom strains in recent years was reviewed,and prospects for future molecular detection of edible mushroom strains was addressed,which provided reference for rapid and accurate identification of mushroom strains and variety breeding.

关 键 词：菌种真实性检测 分子标记 品种鉴定 机器学习 CRISPR/Cas系统 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]