地方“两院”规范性文件备案审查的效力  

The Effectiveness of the Filing and Review of Normative Documents by the Local Court and Procuratorate

作　　者：梁洪霞 刘方洲 Liang Hongxia;Liu Fangzhou

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院 [2]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2024年第4期148-160,共13页Jingchu Law Review

基　　金：2021年重庆市社科重点项目“重庆地方立法备案审查制度实证研究”(2021NDZD05)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：地方人大常委会对地方“两院”规范性文件的备案审查已逐步制度化和规范化,有效推动了“备案审查全覆盖”的实现。地方“两院”规范性文件在事实层面的强实效性决定了备案审查的必要性,在规范层面的无法律效力属性给备案审查带来了新的问题和挑战。对地方“两院”规范性文件的备案审查不能反过来论证其具有法律效力,而应视作对地方“两院”职权的监督。备案审查通过“要求废止或修改”决定的弱监督效力体现对司法权的尊重,同时以人大常委会其他监督措施和“两高”的备案审查监督补强其约束力的不足。地方“两院”规范性文件备案审查结果的溯及力判断,需结合“适用法律错误”的再审条件构建备案审查衔接司法再审的程序机制,同时区分法定期限内当事人提起再审与有权机关决定再审的不同情况。The Standing Committee of local people's Congress has gradually institutionalized and standardized the recording and reviewing of local court and procuratorate documents,which has effectively promoted the realization of"full coverage of recording and reviewing".The strong effectiveness of the local court and procuratorate documents at the factual level determines the necessity of recording and reviewing.The attribute of no legal effect at the normative level has brought new problems and challenges to the recording and reviewing.The recording and reviewing of the documents of the local court and procuratorate cannot prove that they have legal effect in turn,but should be regarded as the supervision of the functions and powers of the local court and procuratorate.The weak supervision effect of the"request to abolish or modify"decision reflects the respect for judicial power.At the same time,other supervision measures of the Standing Committee of People's Congress and recording and reviewing of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Supreme People's Court are used to strengthen its binding force.The retrospective judgment of the results of filing and review of local"Courts or Procuratorates"documents needs to combine the retrial conditions of"applicable legal errors"to build a procedural mechanism for linking filing and review with judicial retrial,and at the same time distinguish the different situations in which the parties file a retrial within the statutory time limit and the competent authorities decide to retry.

关 键 词：地方“两院”文件 备案审查 规范性文件 纠错方式 溯及力 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D624[政治法律—法学] D926