资本周转与利润率动态——基于1947~2021年美国经济的分析  

Capital Turnover and Profit Rate Dynamics——Based on the Analysis of the United States Economy from 1947 to 2021

作　　者：谢富胜[1] 王晗[1] 姚欣铭 Xie Fusheng;Wang Han;Yao Xinming

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《当代经济研究》2024年第10期19-32,F0003,共15页Contemporary Economic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD070)。

摘　　要：资本周转是影响利润率动态变化的重要因素。随着资本循环周转运动的展开以及信用制度的发展,预付资本不再是强制要求在生产过程开始前全部垫付的货币资本,而是束缚在资本循环周转过程中的资本。预付资本周转速度以一定的生产与流通技术水平为基础,但最终受到市场需求的制约。周转速度加快可以通过增加利润量或节约预付资本的方式提高利润率。利用相关数据估算1947~2021年美国私人部门的利润率及其影响因素,并以长波理论为基础,结合生产方式变革,将历史分为四个时期,分析了资本周转速度、资本价值构成与剩余价值率的变化及其对利润率的影响。在新技术革命推动下的资本积累包含着深层次的矛盾与危机,数字技术在加快周转速度、提升利润率方面的潜能还有待充分发挥。Capital turnover is an important factor influencing the dynamic changes of the profit rate.With the development of the capital turnover movement and the credit system,advanced capital is no longer the monetary capital that is required to be advanced in full before the start of the production process,but the capital that is bound in the process of capital turnover.The rate of advanced capital turnover is based on a certain level of production and circulation technology,but it is ultimately constrained by market demands.In case of faster turnaround,the profit rate can be enhanced by increasing the amount of profit or saving advanced capital.Using relevant data to estimate the profit rate of the private sector in United States between 1947 and 2021 and its influencing factors,and taking the long wave theory as the basis,this article takes into account the changes of the production mode to divided the history into four periods and analyze the changes of the capital turnover speed,the capital value composition and the surplus value and their impact on the profit rate.Capital accumulation driven by the new technological revolution contains deep-seated contradictions and crises,and digital technology's potential to accelerate the turnover and improve the profit rate is yet to be fully realized.

关 键 词：资本周转 利润率动态 预付资本 资本存量 

分 类 号：F032[经济管理—政治经济学]