从“超性”到“去名”——厄休拉·勒古恩的“母语”  

From"Gender Transcendence"to"Unnaming":Ursula K.Le Guin's"Mother Tongue"

作　　者：王捷 Wang Jie(School of Foreign Languages,Southeast University,Nanjing,China,210096)

机构地区：[1]东南大学外国语学院

出　　处：《当代外国文学》2024年第3期28-35,共8页Contemporary Foreign Literature

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目“免疫生命治理术的文学书写研究”(21WWB002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当代美国科幻与奇幻大师厄休拉·勒古恩在代表作《黑暗的左手》中通过超越性别二元的话语空间生产和回归“前主体”的思想实验,探索性别的多元化、流动性和可渗性,但受到女性主义的批评。此后,勒古恩开始对虚构文本和现实世界中的女性身份进行反思、修正和重塑,探索支配主体性的语言体系。80年代中期,她以短篇小说《她给它们去名》除魅父名,并在《总是归家》中打破语义规则,进行母性话语的意指实践,开启了追溯“前语言”的历程。勒古恩倡导和践行的“母语”是作为关系的语言,是女性作家在遗落的“母性谱系”中重拾的身份,为如何构建异质性语言提供了全新的认知逻辑,也为女性主义文学书写和批评话语提供了新的理论空间。In her epoch-making The Left Hand of Darkness,Ursula K.Le Guin,contemporary American master of science fiction and fantasy,explores the diversity,flu-idity,and permeability of genders through transcending the gender duality of discourse space and conducting a thought experiment of returning to the"pre-subject."After this work was criticized by feminists,Le Guin began to reflect,revise,and reshape the female identity in both fictional texts and the real world,re-examining the language that governs subjectivity.In the mid-1980s,Le Guin disenchanted patriarchal naming with her short story"She Unnames Them,"and practiced the"mother tongue"in Always Coming Home by breaking the semantic rules,starting the process of tracing back to the"pre-language."The"mother tongue"advocated and practiced by Le Guin is speech as relation and an identity regained by female writers in the lost"maternal genealogy."It provides a new cognitive logic for the construction of heterogeneous language and provides a new theoretical extension of feminist literature and criticism.

关 键 词：厄休拉·勒古恩 性别二元 母性话语 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]