武汉市10岁及以下儿童接种百日咳疫苗的有效性  

Effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccine in children aged 10 years and below in Wuhan

作　　者：夏爽 汪鹏[3] 明方钊 吴利沙 宋瑶 蔡黎[3] XIA Shuang;WANG Peng;MING Fang-zhao;WU Li-sha;SONG Yao;CAI Li(Infectious Disease Control Department,Hanyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Wuhan,Hubei 430051,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]汉阳区疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,湖北武汉430051 [2]武汉现场流行病学项目,湖北武汉430024 [3]武汉市疾病预防控制中心,湖北武汉430024 [4]武昌区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第19期3540-3544,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 评价武汉市无细胞百日咳类疫苗(acellular pertussis vaccine, a PV)在≤10岁儿童中的疫苗有效性(vaccine effectiveness, VE),为完善免疫策略提供依据。方法 采用1:1匹配病例对照研究,病例组通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统选择武汉市2022-2023年报告的4月龄~10岁的百日咳病例,对照组通过湖北省免疫规划信息管理系统匹配与病例居住社区、出生日期和性别相同的儿童,调查研究对象的a PV接种信息,采用条件logistic回归模型估计a PV预防百日咳的VE。结果 病例组和对照组各纳入784人,a PV预防百日咳总VE为86.2%(95%CI:71.1%~93.4%);接种1剂、2剂、3剂和4剂a PV的VE分别为79.9%(95%CI:51.4%~91.7%)、92.2%(95%CI:74.3%~97.6%)、94.6%(95%CI:81.2%~98.4%)和99.2%(95%CI:95.5%~99.8%);全程接种a PV后<1年、1~2年、3~4年、5~9年的VE分别为87.2%(95%CI:71.9%~94.1%)、80.2%(95%CI:62.3%~89.6%)、77.7%(95%CI:59.4%~87.8%)和76.3%(95%CI:57.7%~86.7%);接种a PV(包括全程和部分)预防因百日咳住院和门急诊的VE分别为83.3%(95%CI:43.4%~95.1%)、88.5%(61.9%~96.5%)。结论 a PV全程接种4剂次的VE较好,VE随时间推移而衰减,接种疫苗可预防因百日咳住院和门急诊的发生。Objective To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness(VE)of the acellular pertussis vaccine(aPV)in children aged 10 years and below in Wuhan,providing a basis for improving immunization strategies.Methods A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted,with the case group selected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,com-prising reported pertussis cases aged 4 months to 10 years in Wuhan from 2022 to 2023.The control group was matched via the Hubei Provincial Immunization Program Information Management System with children of the same community of resi-dence,birth date,and gender.The vaccination information of the subjects was collected,and conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the VE of aPV in preventing pertussis.Results A total of 784 individuals were included in both the case and control groups.The overall VE of aPV in preventing pertussis was 86.2%(95%CI:71.1%-93.4%);the VEs for 1,2,3,and 4 doses of aPV were 79.9%(95%CI:51.4%-91.7%),92.2%(95%CI:74.3%-97.6%),94.6%(95%CI:81.2%-98.4%),and 99.2%(95%Cl:95.5%-99.8%),respectively.The VEs for those fully vaccinated with aPV within<1 year,1 to 2 years,3 to 4 years,and 5 to 9 years were 87.2%(95%CI:71.9%-94.1%),80.2%(95%Cl:62.3%-89.6%),77.7%(95%ClI:59.4%-87.8%),and 76.3%(95%Cl:57.7%-86.7%),respectively.The VEs for preventing hospitalization and emergency vis-its due to pertussis after aPV vaccination(including complete and partial vaccination)were 83.3%(95%Cl:43.4%-95.1%)and 88.5%(95%Cl:61.9%-96.5%),respectively.Conclusion The VE of four doses of aPV is high,though it diminishes over time.Vaccination can effectively prevent hospitalization and emergency visits due to pertussis.

关 键 词：百日咳 无细胞百日咳类疫苗 疫苗有效性 病例对照研究 

分 类 号：R516[医药卫生—内科学]