基于政策文本挖掘的中国老年健康服务政策变迁分析  

Analysis of the evolution of elderly health service policies in China based on text mining

作　　者：邵旸 樊美琪 蔡滨[2] 周罗晶[3] SHAO Yang;FAN Mei-qi;CAI Bin;ZHOU Luo-jing(Yangzhou Clinical Medical College,Dalian Medical University,Dalian,Liaoning 116044,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学扬州临床医学院,辽宁大连116044 [2]江苏省苏北人民医院管理研究所 [3]江苏省苏北人民医院科技处,江苏扬州225001

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第19期3570-3575,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2023年江苏省社科应用研究精品工程(23SYA-036)。

摘　　要：目的 通过文本挖掘厘清我国老年健康服务政策的变迁特征和演变规律,为完善老年健康服务政策体系提供依据。方法 从政府官方网站检索得到政策文件139份,运用ROST CM6软件对政策进行分析,并从变迁的主角、动力、模式和路径四个方面剖析老年健康服务政策的发展过程和机制。结果 我国老年健康服务政策经历了三个发展阶段。第一阶段为起步酝酿期(1985-2008年),本阶段以完善社会卫生服务体系、建立社区卫生服务网络和建立社会保障等为主;第二阶段为快速发展期(2009-2016年),本阶段为老年人慢病防控、长期护理和医养结合等工作形成制度保障;第三阶段为系统整合期(2017-2023年),本阶段医养结合服务规模不断扩大,服务能力不断提高,六位一体的老年健康服务体系逐步建立。老年健康服务政策变迁的推动主体是政府、医疗机构、养老机构和老年人群共同构成的利益群体,根本动力是追求国家利益最大化,主要变迁模式是强制性、渐进性变迁。结论 应通过促进多部门协作,完善相关配套支持政策,加大能力建设的政策支持力度,创新老年健康服务及政策等措施,不断完善我国老年健康服务政策体系。Objective To clarify the characteristics and evolution patterns of elderly health service policies in China through text mining,providing a basis for improving the elderly health service policy system.Methods A total of 139 policy docu-ments were retrieved from official government websites,and ROST CM6 software was used for analysis.The development pro-cess and mechanisms of elderly health service policies were examined from four aspects:the main actors,driving forces,models,and pathways of change.Results The elderly health service policies in China went through three developmental stages.The first stage was the initiation and preparation period(1985-2008),focusing on improving the social health service system,establishing community health service networks,and developing social security.The second stage was the rapid de-velopment period(2009-2016),during which institutional guarantees were established for chronic disease prevention and con-trol,long-term care,and the integration of medical and elderly care services.The third stage was the systematic integration period(2017-2023),characterized by the continuous expansion of integrated medical and elderly care services and the grad-ual establishment of a six-in-one elderly health service system.The main driving forces behind the changes in elderly health service policies were the interest groups formed by the government,medical institutions,elderly care facilities,and the elderly population,with the fundamental motivation being the pursuit of maximizing national interests.The primary modes of change were compulsory and incremental transformations.Conclusion To enhance the elderly health service policy system in China,it is essential to promote multi-sectoral collaboration,improve supporting policies,strengthen capacity-building support,and innovate elderly health services and policies.

关 键 词：老年健康服务 政策 变迁 数据挖掘 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]