淮安地区市售熟制坚果籽类产品和冲调谷物制品霉菌污染状况  

Contamination of mold in market-sold cooked nut and seed products and punching grain products in Huai′an City

作　　者：刘靓[1] 杨鹏飞[1] 陈大伟 李双姝 李洁 邢亚东[1] 刘纯成[1] 李兵兵[1] LIU Liang;YANG Peng-fei;CHEN Da-wei;LI Shuang-shu;LI Jie;XING Ya-dong;LIU Chun-cheng;LI Bing-bing(Huai′an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu Huai'an 223300,China)

机构地区：[1]淮安市疾病预防控制中心,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《江苏预防医学》2024年第4期474-476,481,共4页Jiangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：淮安市创新能力建设计划(重点实验室建设)(HAP201906);2023年度淮安市自然科学生命健康专项软课题(2023KX0161)。

摘　　要：目的了解淮安地区市售熟制坚果籽类产品和冲调谷物制品中霉菌污染状况,并比较18S rRNA测序和微生物飞行时间质谱两种方法在霉菌种属鉴定中的一致性。方法2022—2023年在淮安地区采集熟制坚果籽类产品和冲调谷物制品进行霉菌检测,并对检出的霉菌利用18S rRNA测序和微生物飞行时间质谱方法进行种属鉴定,比较两种方法的一致性。对检出率最高的青霉菌属进行进化分析,用MEGA 7.0软件构建进化树。结果检测样品179份,26份检出霉菌,检出率为14.5%。熟制坚果籽类产品霉菌检出率13.2%(10/76),1份霉菌超标;冲调谷物制品霉菌检出率15.5%(16/103)。26株霉菌经18S rRNA测序,种类为青霉菌属9株,曲霉菌属7株,枝孢霉属5株,交链孢属2株,小孢根霉、烟草赤星病菌、玫瑰黄链霉菌各1株。微生物飞行时间质谱共鉴定出14株,在属水平上与18S rRNA测序鉴定结果完全一致,种水平鉴定结果一致率为64.3%。9株青霉菌属进化分析显示,9株主要分为两大支,来自坚果和来自谷物制品的青霉菌属在同一分支,不同年份的菌株也会在同一分支上。结论淮安地区市售熟制坚果籽类产品和冲调谷物制品中霉菌检出率较高,应加强监管和风险评估。Objective To investigate mold contaminations in market-sold cooked nut and seed products and punching grain products in Huai′an City,and to compare the agreement between 18S rRNA sequencing and microbial time-of-flight mass spectrometry for identification of mold species.Methods Cooked nut and seed products and punching grain products were sampled from Huai′an City from 2022 to 2023 for mold detection.The species of mold was identified using 18S rRNA sequencing and microbial time-of-flight mass spectrometry,and the agreement in mold species was compared.The mold species with the highest prevalence was subjected to phylogenetic analysis,and aphylogenetic tree was created using the software MEGA 7.0.Results A total of 179 market-sold cooked nut and seed products and punching grain productswere detected,and the detection of mold was 14.5%.The detection of mold was 13.2%(10/76)in cooked nut and seed products,and there was one product with the amount of mold exceeding the national criteria,and the detection of mold was 15.5%in punching grain products(16/103).18S rRNA sequencing of 26 mold isolates revealed Penicillium in 9 isolates,Aspergillus in 7 isolates,Cladosporium in 5 isolates,Alternaria in 2 isolates,and Rhizopus microsporus,Alternaria alternate and Streptomyces roseoflavus in one isolate.Microbial time-of-flight mass spectrometry identified 14 mold isolates,and shared the same identification of mold species with 18S rRNA sequencing at a genus level,with a consistency rate of 64.3%at a species level.Phylogenetic analysis showed that 9 Penicillium isolates were clustered into two clades,with Penicillium isolates from grain products in the same clade and Penicillium isolates from a year in the same clade.Conclusions The detection of mold is high in market-sold cooked nut and seed products and punching grain products in Huai′an City.Intensified supervision and risk assessment is required.

关 键 词：熟制坚果籽类 冲调谷物制品 霉菌 18S rRNA测序 微生物飞行时间质谱 进化树 

分 类 号：R117[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]