日粮添加精油对感染艾美尔球虫肉鸡肠道形态、炎症水平和肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of dietary essential oil supplementation on Eimeria challenged broilers:Intestinal morphology,inflammation levels,and cecal microbiota

作　　者：马逸轩 王茜 张兰[1] 黄淑萍 史海涛 黄艳玲[1] MA Yi-xuan;WANG Xi;ZHANG Lan;HUANG Shu-ping;SHI Hai-tao;HUANG Yan-ling(School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期492-501,共10页Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32102591);西南民族大学“双一流”项目(XM2023022)。

摘　　要：旨在利用植物精油修复艾美尔球虫感染造成的肠道损伤并稳定肠道微生物.研究日粮添加植物精油和艾美尔球虫感染对消化器官指数、形态学、炎症水平、微生物多样性和组成的影响.试验共8个处理,由4种日粮(对照组、抗球虫药物组、丁香精油组和牛至精油组)×2攻毒状态(健康组与攻毒组)构成.球虫感染显著增加28日龄空肠、回肠器官指数、Ruminococcus torque相对丰度,并显著降低空肠绒隐比及Clostridia vadin相对丰度(P<0.050).日粮添加抗球虫药物、牛至精油或丁香精油均显著降低空肠损伤评分和Lachnoclostridium相对丰度(P<0.050).添加牛至精油显著增加十二指肠绒毛高度和回肠绒隐比,并显著降低空肠长度(P<0.050).添加丁香精油显著增加十二指肠绒毛高度、回肠绒隐比和Blautia相对丰度,显著降低十二指肠长度,同时显著降低Shannon指数(P<0.050).艾美尔球虫感染破坏肉鸡肠道形态,日粮添加牛至精油或丁香精油可以部分缓解球虫感染造成的肠道损伤,并调节肠道菌群,提高肉鸡肠道健康水平.This experiment aimed to utilize essential oils to alleviate intestinal damage and balance microbial disturbed by Eimeria infection.Effects of dietary essential oil supplementation and Eimeria infection on intestine indexes,morphology,inflammation levels,and microbial diversity and composition were investigated.Eight treatments were arranged in 4(a control diet,an anticoccidial drug diet,a clove oil diet,and an oregano oil diet)×2(Eimeria oocysts challenge vs none challenge)factorial design.The Eimeria infection increased relative weights of jejunum,ileum,and Ruminococcus torque relative abundance,and decreased jejunal villus height to crypt ratio and Clostridia vadin BB60 relative abundance at 28 d of age(P<0.050).Dietary supplementation of the anticoccidial drug,oregano oil,or clove oil reduced jejunal lesions and Lachnoclostridium relative abundance(P<0.050).The oregano oil supplementation increased duodenal villus height,ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio,and reduced jejunal length(P<0.050).The clove oil supplementation increased duodenal villus height,ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio,Blautia relative abundance,and reduced duodenal length and Shannon diversity(P<0.050).Taken together,the Eimeria infection caused intestine morphological disruption.The dietary inclusion of oregano or clove essential oils could improve the intestinal health of those Eimeria-infected boilers by attenuating intestinal lesions and increasing the colonization of beneficial microbes.

关 键 词：植物精油 肉鸡 艾美尔球虫 肠道健康 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：Q492.5[生物学—生理学]