蒙山地区地椒精油对淡色库蚊的生物活性及其成分分析  

Chemical components and bioactivity of essential oil of Thymus quinquecostatus in Mengshan area against Culex pipiens pallens

作　　者：类晶晶 颜峰 吕文祥 臧传慧 王海防[1] 程鹏[1] 公茂庆[1] 刘丽娟[1] LEI Jingjing;YAN Feng;LYU Wenxiang;ZANG Chuanhui;WANG Haifang;CHENG Peng;GONG Maoqing;LIU Lijuan(Department of Medical Entomology,Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jining,Shandong 272033,China;Qufu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Jining,Shandong 273199,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省寄生虫病防治研究所医学昆虫学部,山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东济宁272033 [2]曲阜市中医院,山东济宁273199

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2024年第5期410-413,450,共5页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81902096,81871685);山东省医学科学院医药卫生科技创新工程。

摘　　要：目的探究蒙山地区地椒精油对淡色库蚊幼虫和成蚊的生物活性并对其成分进行分析,为植物源杀虫剂的研制提供理论依据。方法用挥发油提取器提取地椒精油,采用幼虫浸渍法测定地椒精油对淡色库蚊4龄幼虫的杀灭活性,采用密闭三角瓶熏蒸法测定对成蚊的熏蒸活性,通过气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析地椒精油的化学成分。采用SPSS 25.0软件分析,计算半数致死浓度(LC50)、击倒中时(KT50)、毒力回归方程及95%置信限并进行卡方检验。结果幼虫杀灭活性测定显示地椒精油对淡色库蚊4龄幼虫的24 h LC50值为104.74μg/mL(χ^(2)=0.787,P=0.853);雌性成蚊熏蒸活性的KT_(50)值为20.73 min,差异有统计学意义。地椒精油中共检测出50种化合物,其中γ-松油烯的相对含量最高(12.18%),其次是左旋龙脑(8.56%)、3,4,5-三甲基甲苯(7.39%)和麝香草酚(6.04%)。结论蒙山地区地椒精油对淡色库蚊幼虫和成蚊均具有一定的杀虫活性,有望作为潜在的杀虫剂。Objective To investigate the bioactivity of essential oil of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.in Mengshan area against Culex pipiens pallens larvae and adult mosquitoes,and to analyze its components,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of botanical insecticides.Methods The essential oil of T.quinquecostatus was extracted by a volatile oil extractor.The insecticidal activity of essential oil against theⅣ-instar larvae of Cx.pipiens pallens was determined using a larval immersion method.The fumigant activity of essential oil against adult mosquitoes was determined using a closed triangular flask fumigation method.The chemical components of essential oil were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology(GC-MS).Using SPSS 25.0 software for analysis,calculate median lethal concentration(LC_(50)),median knockdown time(KT_(50)),regression equation and 95%confidence limit,and perform Chi-square test.Results The 24 h LC_(50)value of essential oil against Cx.pipiens pallensⅣ-instar larvae was 104.74μg/mL(χ^(2)=0.787,P=0.853);The KT_(50)value of fumigation activity of female adult mosquitoes was 20.73 min,and the difference was statistically significant.A total of 50 compounds were detected in the essential oil of T.quinquecostatus,among which the relative content ofγ-terpinene was the highest(12.18%),followed by L-bornol(8.56%),3,4,5-trimethyltoluene(7.39%),and thymol(6.04%).Conclusion The essential oil of T.quinquecostatus has certain insecticidal activity against both larvae and adults of Cx.pipiens pallens and is expected to be a potential insecticide.

关 键 词：地椒 植物精油 淡色库蚊 杀虫活性 熏蒸活性 成分分析 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]