2021—2023年东营市鼠类密度监测及病原学调查分析  

Surveillance of rodent density and pathogens in Dongying City from 2021 to 2023

作　　者：王海红[1] 苟成学 刘辉[1] 马奔 常永生 WANG Haihong;COU Chengxue;LIU Hui;MA Ben;CHANG Yongsheng(Dongying Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Dongying,Shandong 257091,China;Lijin County Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Lijin,Shandong 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]东营市疾病预防控制中心,山东东营257091 [2]利津县疾病预防控制中心,山东利津250014

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2024年第5期447-450,共4页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治)资助项目(2017ZX100303404)。

摘　　要：目的监测东营市重点地区鼠类生态学分布、密度及携带病原体流行情况,为指导当地鼠传疾病的防控提供科学依据。方法采用夹夜法及粘鼠板法进行鼠类密度监测并捕获鼠类标本,提取组织DNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)开展病原体检测。用Excel 2007和SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行整理与统计分析,率的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果2021—2023年,共布放鼠夹12118个,有效夹数11741个,捕获鼠类53只,总捕鼠率为0.45%;共布放粘鼠板12271个,有效板数12066个,捕获鼠类228只,总捕鼠率为1.89%。共捕获鼠类3种281只,其中小家鼠占73.31%,褐家鼠占25.98%,黑线姬鼠占0.71%;对捕获鼠类进行病原学监测,鼠类钩端螺旋体阳性15只,巴尔通体阳性12只,分别占5.34%、4.27%;混合感染钩端螺旋体及巴尔通体阳性3只,复合感染率为1.07%。结论东营市优势鼠种为小家鼠,病原学监测阳性以钩端螺旋体为主,且呈逐年上升趋势,应进一步扩大鼠类监测覆盖面,增强病原学监测力度。Objective To monitor the ecological distribution,density and prevalence of pathogens carried by rodents in key areas of Dongying City,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases.Methods Using night trapping method and sticky rodent plate method for ecological monitoring of rodent,rodent samples were captured,DNA from the tissues were extracted,and rodent-brone pathogens were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).Excel 2007 and SPSS 21.0 softwares were used for data entry and aggregation and statistical analysis.The rates were compared using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results From 2021 to 2023,a total of 12118 traps were laid,with 11741 effective traps and 53 rodents were captured,with a total trapping rate of 0.45%;a total of 12271 sticky rodent plates were deployed,with 12066 effective plates,and 228 rodents were captured,with a total rodent catching rate of 1.89%.281 rodent of 3 species were detected,including Mus musculus(73.31%),Rattus norvegicus(25.98%)and Apodemus agrarius(0.71%).The pathogen monitoring results showed that 15 rodents were infected with Leptospira,12 rodents were infected with Bartonella,accounting for 5.34%,4.27%,respectively.3 rodents were infected with Leptospira and Bartonella,with a combined infection rate of 1.07%.Conclusion The dominant rodent species in Dongying City is Mus musculus,the rodent-borne pathogen is mainly Leptospira,and the trend is increasing year by year.Therefore,we should increase the intensity of rodent monitoring and strengthen the ability of pathogenic surveillance.

关 键 词：鼠类 密度 监测 鼠传病原体 钩端螺旋体 巴尔通体 

分 类 号：R443[医药卫生—诊断学]