2023年郑州市主要病媒生物生态学监测结果分析  

Ecological surveillance and analysis of main vectors in Zhengzhou in 2023

作　　者：师佳佳[1] 王聪 安勇进 袁中良[1] SHI Jiajia;WANG Cong;AN Yongjin;YUAN Zhongliang(Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou,Henan 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市疾病预防控制中心,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2024年第5期460-463,469,共5页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

摘　　要：目的 了解郑州市主要病媒生物的种群构成、密度、分布及季节消长情况,为病媒生物防控提供科学依据。方法 鼠类奇数月采用笼夜法监测,成蚊5—10月采用诱蚊灯法监测,蝇类4—10月采用笼诱法监测,蜚蠊奇数月采用粘捕法监测。使用Excel 2010和SPSS 21.0软件收集、整理和分析数据。结果 2023年郑州市鼠类平均密度为0.33%,随季节变化密度波动不明显,3月和11月密度相对较高,优势鼠种为小家鼠;成蚊平均密度为4.68只/(灯·夜),7月密度最高,为6.48只/(灯·夜),优势蚊种为淡色库蚊;蝇类平均密度为9.56只/笼,季节消长呈双峰分布,峰值出现在6月和9月,优势蝇种为家蝇;蜚蠊平均密度为7.75只/张,11月为活动高峰期,优势蟑种为德国小蠊,农贸市场蜚蠊侵害率和密度均最高。不同生境鼠类捕获率,蚊、蝇和蜚蠊密度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同生境鼠类构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),蚊和蝇构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 郑州市主要病媒生物优势种群为小家鼠、淡色库蚊、家蝇和德国小蠊,农村和城镇居民区、牲畜棚以及农贸市场是防控重点,应根据不同病媒生物活动规律,适时采取相应措施控制病媒生物密度,减少病媒生物性传染病的发生流行。Objective To investigate the species composition, density, distribution and seasonal fluctuation of main vectors in Zhengzhou, so as to provide scientific basis for vector control. Methods Rodents were monitored in odd months by night-cage.Adult mosquitoes were monitored by light-trap method from May to October. Flies were monitored by cage-trap method from April to October.Cockroaches were monitored by sticky trap method in odd months. Excel 2010 and SPSS 21.0 software were used for data collection and statistical analysis.Results In 2023, the average density of rodents was 0.33% in Zhengzhou, and the density fluctuation was not obvious with seasonal changes. The density was relatively high in March and November, and the dominant species was Mus musculus.The average density of mosquitoes was 4.68 mosquitoes/lamp·night and reached a peak of 6.48 mosquitoes/lamp·night in July. The dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens. The average density of flies was 9.56 flies/cage, and the seasonal fluctuation showed a bimodal distribution, with peaks in June and September. Musca domestica was the dominant species. The average density index of cockroaches was 7.75 cockroaches/sheet, with peak in November. The dominant species was Blattella germanica. The cockroach infestation rate and density were the highest in the farmers' market.There were no significant difference in the capture rate of rodents, the density of mosquitoes and flies and cockroaches in different habitats(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of rodents in different habitats(P>0.05), but the composition ratio of mosquitoes and flies in different habitats was different(P< 0.05). Conclusion Mus musculus,Culex pipiens pallens,Musca domestica,and Blattella germanica were the dominant species of main vectors in Zhengzhou.Rural and urban residential areas, livestock sheds, and farmers' markets were the focus of prevention and control. Therefore, the control measures should be taken based on the activity patterns of vectors to red

关 键 词：病媒生物 监测 密度 季节消长 

分 类 号：R184.3[医药卫生—流行病学]