“下楼出院”到现场“三结合”:三线建设中的“设计革命”  

Leaving Offices to Work On-site to Achieve“Three-in-one Combination”:“Design Revolution”in the Third-line Construction

作　　者：李德英[1] 乔亦婷 Li Deying;Qiao Yiting

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,610207

出　　处：《当代中国史研究》2024年第5期113-126,M0005,共15页Contemporary China History Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“三线建设历史资料搜集整理与研究”(18JZD027);四川大学创新2035先导计划“区域历史与考古文明”(2023xd一02)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：三线建设之前,党和政府已经认识到照搬苏联设计模式的诸多弊端,开始探索自主设计道路,倡导“设计革命”,但国民经济调整时期的设计工作又不同程度地回到苏联设计模式的轨道上。三线建设初期,设计工作很难满足新的设计需求,因此“设计革命”再次兴起并推广,形成了“下楼出院”到现场“三结合”的基本工作方法。随着三线建设的推进,设计人员与广大干部群众和科研人员等共同设计工厂、产品,并涌现出许多既能体现党和政府的方针政策又能切合实际的设计方案,实现了众多零的突破,成就颇为显著。“设计革命”为三线建设乃至我国工业发展打下了坚实基础,留下了宝贵经验。As the shortcomings of blindly replicating the Soviet Union's design model gradually became apparent,the Party and government began to explore its own design path and initiated“design revolution”before the third-line construction.However,during the period of national economic adjustment,the design work returned to the track of the Soviet design model to varying degrees.In the early stages of the third-line construction,it was difficult for design work to meet new design requirements,so the“design revolution”emerged again and was promoted,forming a new model that designers left offices to work on-site to achieve“three-in-one combination”With the advancement of the third-line construction,designers,cadres,masses,and scientific researchers jointly designed factories and products,and many design schemes emerged that not only reflect the policies of the Party and the government but also were practical,achieving numerous breakthroughs and remarkable achievements.The design revolution laid a solid foundation for the third-line construction and even the development of China's industry,leaving valuable experience.

关 键 词：三线建设 “设计革命” 现场设计 自主设计 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] F429.0[历史地理—中国史]