西安市典型河流底栖生物群落结构及影响因子  

Community structure of benthic organisms in typical rivers of Xi’an and influencing factors

作　　者：廖依琳 严雪溶 杨涛 李海燕 屈亚婕 LIAO Yilin;YAN Xuerong;YANG Tao;LI Haiyan;QU Yajie(School of Geographic Science and tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第10期101-110,共10页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571512);陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2023-YBSF-415)资助。

摘　　要：为了解西安市典型河流的底栖动物群落特征,分别于2020年10月(枯水期)和2021年6月(丰水期)对西安市灞河、浐河、黑河和沣河流域范围内23个样点的底栖动物群落和水体理化性质进行了调查。两次采样共采集到底栖动物105个分类单元,包括4门环节动物门、软体动物门、节肢动物门以及扇形动物门,其中节肢动物最多共72种。不同水期优势种不同,枯水期优势类群为蜉蝣属(Ephemera)、短脉纹石蛾属(Cheu⁃matopsyche)、直突摇蚊属(Orthocladius);丰水期优势类群为水丝蚓属(Limnodrilus)、四节蜉属(Baetis)和多足摇蚊属(Polypedilum),摇蚊科底栖动物在枯水期和丰水期都占据优势地位。4条河流在生物量、生物密度和多样性上大多表现为枯水期大于丰水期,只有浐河的生物密度出现丰水期大于枯水期的反常现象,这与浐河丰水期水丝蚓属的大量繁殖有关。冗余结果表明,枯水期影响底栖动物群落的主要环境因子为叶绿素含量、蓝绿藻藻蓝蛋白、流速、氨氮、总溶解性固体和温度,丰水期影响底栖动物群落的主要环境因子为氨氮、蓝绿藻藻蓝蛋白、叶绿素、盐度、总溶解性固体、电导率温度和流速。研究表明,西安市典型河流未来治理应着重于降低氨氮污染、增加河道生境多样性。To understand the characteristics of benthic fauna community in typical rivers of Xi’an,the sample waters were collected from 23 sites within the Ba River,Chang River,Black River and Feng River watershed in October 2020(dry season)and June 2021(wet season),respectively,the benthic animal community and physical and chemical properties of the water body were investigated.A total of 105 taxa of bottom dwelling animals are identified,including 4 phyla annelida,Mollusca,Arthropoda and Scallopoda,among which a maximum of 72 arthropoda species are identified.The dominant species are different in different seasons.the dominant groups are Ephemera,Cheumatopsyche and Orthocladius in dry season.Limnodrilus,Baetis and Polypedilum are the dominant groups in the wet season.The Chironomidae is the dominant family both in the dry season and in the wet season.In terms of biomass,biological density and diversity,they appear greater in the dry season than in the dry season in most of the four rivers,and only the Chan River shows an abnormal phenomenon that the biological density in the wet season is greater than in the dry season,which is related to the mass reproduction of waterworm in the wet season.The redundant analysis results show that the environmental factors affecting the benthic community structure are chlorophyll,NH3/N,temperature,total dissolved solids and water velocity.The study indicates that management of typical rivers in Xi’an should focus on reducing ammonia nitrogen pollution and increasing the diversity of channel habitats.

关 键 词：底栖动物 群落结构 生物多样性指数 环境影响因子 

分 类 号：Q17[生物学—水生生物学]