不同煤泥添加量对紫花苜蓿根际土壤酶活性与微生物的影响  

Effects of slurry addition on soil enzyme activity and microorganisms in the rhizosphere of Medicago sativa L.

作　　者：张少卓 王征 刘志昌 杨志新 李玉灵[1] ZHANG Shaozhuo;WANG Zheng;LIU Zhichang;YANG Zhixin;LI Yuling(College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000;Ordos Ulan Coal(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 017200,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,保定071000 [2]鄂尔多斯市乌兰煤炭(集团)有限责任公司,鄂尔多斯017200

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第10期144-153,共10页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：鄂尔多斯市乌兰煤炭(集团)有限责任公司科研课题:煤泥有机肥料化利用产品技术研发(ELD-UMC-2023-006)资助。

摘　　要：煤泥特殊的结构和组成使其在保水蓄肥和土壤生境构建方面有积极作用,这为煤泥在退化土地生态修复、农林牧业上的利用提供了重要的理论依据和广阔的应用前景。明确煤泥对植物、微生物及其土壤生物环境的作用利弊是煤泥生态利用的前提。为此,为了探究煤泥生物环境特征,探索煤泥资源化利用的新方向,提高煤泥利用率,文中设计了煤泥与沙土0:4(CK)、2:2(CS-1)、3:1(CS-2)和4:0(CS-3)的4种混合比例,进行紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)盆栽种植试验,分析煤泥对苜蓿根际土壤酶活性和土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:1)土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性随煤泥添加量的增加而降低。脱氢酶活性随煤泥添加量的增加而升高,CS-1土壤碱性磷酸酶活性最高。2)土壤细菌多样性指数随煤泥添加量增加而降低。CS-1土壤真菌多样性指数最高。3)变形菌门(Proteobacteria)均为各处理中细菌群落的优势菌门。子囊菌门(Asco⁃mycota)为各处理中真菌群落的优势菌门。NMDS分析表明煤泥对细菌群落结构影响较大。4)相关性分析发现,土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脱氢酶活性与细菌多样性指标相关性显著(P<0.05),土壤酶活性与真菌群落相关性不显著(P>0.05)。冗余分析表明多个土壤微生物优势种群与土壤酶活性显著相关(P<0.05)。综上,煤泥的添加提高了苜蓿根际真菌物种丰度和多样性,降低了细菌物种丰度和多样性,促使细菌种群出现特异性分化。CS-1处理土壤微生物多样性和酶活性相对较高,为煤泥资源化利用提供了参考依据。The unique structure and composition of slurry confer positive effects on water retention,fertilization,and soil habitat construction.This provides an important theoretical basis and broad application prospects for the ecological restoration of degraded land and utilization in agriculture,forestry,and animal husbandry.Clearly understanding the pros and cons of slurry on plants,microorganisms,and their soil biological environment is a prerequisite for its ecological utilization.To explore the biological environmental characteristics of slurry and seek new directions for its resource utilization,as well as to improve its utilization efficiency,this study designed four mixing ratios of slurry and sand(0:4 for CK,2:2 for CS-1,3:1 for CS-2,and 4:0 for CS-3)for a pot planting experiment in Medicago sativa L.The effects of slurry on soil enzyme activity and soil microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of alfalfa were analyzed.The results showed that:1)Soil urease and hydrogen peroxide enzyme activities decreased with the increase of slurry addition.Dehydrogenase activity increased with the increase of slurry addition,with the highest alkaline phosphatase activity observed in CS-1 soil.2)Soil bacterial diversity index decreased with the increase of slurry addition,while the highest soil fungal diversity index was observed in CS-1 treatment.3)Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial phylum in all treatments,while Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum.NMDS analysis showed that slurry had a significant impact on bacterial community structure.4)Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations(P<0.05)between soil urease activity,hydrogen peroxide enzyme activity,dehydrogenase activity,and bacterial diversity index,while soil enzyme activity was not significantly correlated with fungal community(P>0.05).Redundancy analysis showed significant correlations(P<0.05)between multiple dominant microbial populations and soil enzyme activity.In summary,slurry addition increased the abundance and diversity of fungal

关 键 词：煤泥 紫花苜蓿 根际土壤 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]