数据所有权:数字经济时代马克思主义所有制理论的新议题  

Data Ownership:A New Issue of Marxist OwnershipTheory in the Digital Economy Era

作　　者：包炜杰 陈晓青 BAO Wei-jie;CHEN Xiao-qing(School of Marxism,Fudan University,200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,200433

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2024年第9期28-37,共10页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“数字经济时代马克思主义所有制理论的新发展研究”(项目编号:23CKS016)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：“数据所有权”作为马克思主义所有制理论在数字时代的新议题亟待深入研究和阐释。就其出场逻辑而言,既有生产资料的数字化与数字的生产资料化这一客观经济事实,又有劳动过程方面数据要素参与价值和剩余价值创造,与此同时,数据所有权鲜明指向近年来数据要素收益价值分配失衡的现实问题。而探究数据收益分配失衡的发生机制时将会发现,从“数字圈地”“数据垄断”到“数据资本”,数据在现实经济关系中被平台资本所实际占有,并导致平台资本成为价值分配的最大受益者。因此,“数据所有权”及其核心议题“数据确权”的关键在于,有效平衡数据主体、数据处理者和社会整体利益,通过数据分级分类、“三权分置”等方式确认授权,从而有效增强马克思主义所有制理论在数字时代的解释力,推动数字经济时代马克思主义所有制理论的守正创新。As a new issue of Marxist ownership theory in the digital era,"data ownership'needs to be studied and explained in depth.In terms of the logic of its appearance,it is not only the objective economic fact of the digitization of means of production,but also the data elements involved in the creation of value and surplus value.At the same time,it distinctly points to the reality of imbalance of data benefits distribution in recent years.When exploring the mechanism behind,it will be found that,from"digital enclosure""digital monopoly"to"data capital",data is actually occupied by platform capital in real economic relations,and thus platform capital becomes the biggest beneficiary of value distribution.Therefore,the key to"data ownership"and its core issue of"data rights confirmation"lies in effectively balancing the interests of data subjects,data processors and society as a whole,and confirming authorization through the classification of data and the"separation of three rights",so as to effectively enhance the explanatory power of Marxist ownership theory and promote the guarded innovation of it in the era of digital economy.

关 键 词：数据所有权 马克思 所有制 数据资本 数字劳动 

分 类 号：F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]