近代美国对华贸易赶超日本新探(1902-1936)  

New Exploration of Modern American Trade Surpassing Japan in China(1902-1936)

作　　者：方书生[1] FANG Shu-sheng(Institute of Economics,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,200020)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院经济研究所,200020

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2024年第9期94-105,共12页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“近代中美贸易条件及其应对研究(1902-1948)”(项目编号:22BZS110)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：1932年美国对华贸易额赶超日本,既是一个现实性的误解也是一个趋势性的预见。因为1932年日本侵华和“伪满洲国”建立,调整后的中国海关统计中不包括中国东北地区,加上东北地区的中美与中日真实贸易额表明当时美国尚未能实现对华贸易总额赶超日本。近代中美贸易结构表明彼此之间具有一定程度的互补性和可持续性,中日贸易结构表明彼此之间具有明显的同质性和竞争性。近代美国对华贸易赶超日本的历程中更多地追求市场性的原则,而日本在处于竞争劣势时则将中国东北地区殖民地化。近代美国对华贸易赶超日本的历程以及中美中日贸易的内在性质均表明,新质的互生性可持续贸易终将取代旧质的掠夺性殖民地贸易。In 1932,the United States surpassed Japan in trade with China,which was both a practical misunderstanding and a trend prediction.Due to the Japanese invasion of China and the establishment of the"puppet Manchukuo"in 1932,the adjusted Chinese customs statistics did not include the Northeast region of China.The actual trade volume between China,the United States,and Japan after adding the Northeast region indicates that at that time,the United States had not yet achieved a total trade volume with China that surpassed that of Japan.The modern trade structure between China and the United States indicates a certain degree of complementarity and sustainability between them.The trade structure between China and Japan indicates a clear homogeneity and competitiveness between them.In the process of surpassing Japan in trade with China in modern times,the United States pursued more market-oriented principles,while Japan colonized Northeast China when it was at a competitive disadvantage.The process of the United States catching up with Japan in trade with China in modern times,as well as the inherent nature of trade between China,the United States,and Japan,all indicate that sustainable trade with a new quality of interdependence will eventually replace the old quality of predatory colonial trade.

关 键 词：中美贸易 中日贸易 贸易结构 对外贸易 近代中国 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济]