典型氢能产品生命周期评价和碳足迹比较  

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon Footprint of Typical Hydrogen Energy Products

作　　者：黄小娱 谢明辉[1] 李晓蔚 江乐勇 HUANG Xiao-yu;XIE Ming-hui;LI Xiao-wei;JIANG Le-yong(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Xinkai Environment Investment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]信开环境投资有限公司,北京101100

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第10期5641-5649,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22ZDA106)。

摘　　要：为对比灰氢、蓝氢和绿氢产生的环境影响及碳足迹,通过文献调研获取数据清单,部分国内没有的数据清单通过国外清单结合本地化电力转换获取,选用本地化终点破坏型生命周期影响评价方法,计算5种氢能产品的原料获取、运输和制氢阶段的环境影响潜值,计算碳足迹,进行敏感性分析和不确定性分析,并与ReCiPe方法对比.结果表明:①环境影响方面,各氢能产品环境影响潜值由大到小排序为:灰氢(煤)(1203 mPt·kg^(-1))>蓝氢(煤)(876 mPt·kg^(-1))>灰氢(气)(492 mPt·kg^(-1))>绿氢(323 mPt·kg^(-1))>蓝氢(气)(252 mPt·kg^(-1));灰氢和蓝氢的环境影响主要集中在气候变化、细颗粒物形成和化石燃料方面,绿氢的环境影响主要集中在气候变化、细颗粒物形成、化石燃料和矿产资源方面.②碳足迹方面,由大到小排序为:灰氢(煤)(23.79 kg·kg^(-1),以CO_(2)eq计,下同)>蓝氢(煤)(11.07 kg·kg^(-1))>灰氢(气)(10.97 kg·kg^(-1))>蓝氢(气)(3.47 kg·kg^(-1))>绿氢(1.97 kg·kg^(-1)).灰氢、蓝氢生产过程中的直接碳排放均占比最大,绿氢则为电力输入所占比重较大.③降低环境影响和碳排放的措施包括减少污染物和温室气体直接排放、降低电耗、加强原料替代和减量.To compare the environmental impact and carbon footprint of gray hydrogen,blue hydrogen,and green hydrogen,inventories were obtained through literature research.Some inventories that were not available in China were obtained through foreign inventories combined with localized power conversion.The localized end-point destructive life cycle impact assessment method was used to calculate the environmental impact potential of the raw material acquisition,transportation,and hydrogen production stages of five hydrogen products.The carbon footprint was calculated,and the sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis were carried out and compared with the ReCiPe method.The results showed that:①The environmental impact from large to small was:gray hydrogen(coal)(1203 mPt·kg^(-1))>blue hydrogen(coal)(876 mPt·kg^(-1))>gray hydrogen(gas)(492 mPt·kg^(-1))>green hydrogen(323 mPt·kg^(-1))>blue hydrogen(gas)(252 mPt·kg^(-1)).The environmental impacts of gray hydrogen and blue hydrogen were mainly concentrated in climate change,fine particulate matter formation,and fossil fuels.The environmental impacts of green hydrogen were mainly concentrated in climate change,fine particulate matter formation,fossil fuels,and mineral resources.②The carbon footprint from large to small was:gray hydrogen(coal)(23.79 kg·kg^(-1),measured by CO_(2)eq,the same below)>blue hydrogen(coal)(11.07 kg·kg^(-1))>gray hydrogen(gas)(10.97 kg·kg^(-1))>blue hydrogen(gas)(3.47 kg·kg^(-1))>green hydrogen(1.97 kg·kg^(-1)).Direct carbon emissions in the production process of gray hydrogen and blue hydrogen accounted for the largest proportion,whereas that of green hydrogen accounted for a large proportion of power input.③Measures to reduce environmental impact and carbon emissions include reducing direct emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases,reducing power consumption,and strengthening raw material substitution and reduction.

关 键 词：氢 生命周期评价 环境影响 碳足迹 敏感性分析 

分 类 号：X382[环境科学与工程—环境工程]