基于土地覆盖变化与遥感生态指数的奇台绿洲生态环境质量监测  

Ecological Environment Quality Monitoring of Qitai Oasis Based on Land Use/Cover Change and Remote Sensing Ecological Index

作　　者：邵志东 张芳[1,2] 彭康 张飞飞 SHAO Zhi-dong;ZHANG Fang;PENG Kang;ZHANG Fei-fei(College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学地理与遥感学科学院,乌鲁木齐830017 [2]新疆大学新疆绿洲生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第10期5890-5899,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761041)。

摘　　要：基于Landsat遥感影像,利用遥感生态指数(RSEI)结合土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)定量评价了人类活动影响下新疆天山北麓奇台绿洲2001~2022年生态环境质量时空变化,通过空间自相关分析生态环境质量的空间分布特征,采用地理探测器探究生态环境质量空间分布的影响因素.结果显示:①奇台绿洲2001年、2007年、2014年和2022年RSEI均值分别为0.392、0.423、0.452和0.438,生态环境质量整体处于较差水平,空间分布特征表现为南北差中部好,时间变化呈现出先升后降,整体上升的趋势;②奇台绿洲生态环境质量存在正的空间自相关性,低-低聚类主要集中分布于绿洲北部靠近古尔班通古特沙漠的区域,高-高聚类表现为由散布向绿洲中部耕地区域明显集聚;③自然因素对奇台绿洲RSEI空间分布影响不大,影响奇台绿洲RSEI变化的主要因素是LUCC;④RSEI能较好地反映奇台绿洲的生态环境质量现状,草地、裸地等天然生态系统的RSEI变化对干旱区生态环境质量变化具有很好的指向性.Based on Landsat remote sensing images,this study conducted a quantitative assessment of the spatiotemporal alterations in the ecological environment quality at the Qitai Oasis in Xinjiang,situated at the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains,triggered by human activities.This assessment was conducted through a combination of the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)and land use/cover change(LUCC).In addition,we used spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographic detector to examine the spatial distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of RSEI.The results demonstrated that:①The average RSEI values for Qitai Oasis in four different years(2001,2007,2014,and 2022)were 0.392,0.423,0.452,and 0.438,respectively,indicating a lower overall level of ecological environment quality in the area.The spatial distribution highlighted a poor level in the northern and southern regions,with the central area displaying noticeably better quality.The temporal trend showed an initial growth followed by a subsequent decline,with an overall tendency toward an increase.②The ecological environment quality in the Qitai Oasis exhibited positive spatial autocorrelation,with low-low clustering primarily concentrated in the northern part of the oasis,closer to the Gurbantünggüt Desert.Further,the high-high clustering was featured by an aggregation from scattered distribution towards the central agricultural areas of the oasis.③Natural factors had a negligible influence on the spatial distribution of RSEI in Qitai Oasis,and the primary catalyst for RSEI changes was LUCC.④RSEI aptly portrayed the present condition of the ecological environment quality in the Qitai Oasis.Changes in RSEI of natural ecosystems,such as RSEI of grassland and bare land,provided significant cues,illustrating the variations in the ecological environment quality of arid regions.

关 键 词：生态环境质量 土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC) 遥感生态指数(RSEI) Moran's I指数 地理探测器 奇台绿洲 

分 类 号：X830[环境科学与工程—环境工程]