城市景观水体中水岸绿化植物凋落叶的分解及养分释放特征  

Decomposition and Nutrient Release Characteristics of Waterfront Greening Plant Litter in Urban Landscape Water

作　　者：陈瑶 黄煖[1,2] 马润吉 吴福忠 CHEN Yao;HUANG Xuan;MA Runji;WU Fuzhong(School of Geographical Science&School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Ecogeographical Processes of the Ministry of Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院、碳中和未来技术学院,福州350117 [2]福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福州350117

出　　处：《亚热带资源与环境学报》2024年第3期58-67,共10页Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32171641)。

摘　　要：植物凋落叶既可以在水体中快速释放养分,也可以通过吸附作用富集水体中的氮磷等养分元素,但可能受到凋落叶性状的影响,对此仍缺乏必要的认识。因此,以福建省福州市3种具有代表性的城市绿化植物小叶榕(Ficus concinna)、泰竹(Thyrsostachys siamensis)和黄葛树(Ficus virens)凋落叶为研究对象,采用分解袋法开展水体分解试验,研究凋落物在城市景观水体中的分解速率以及碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)元素动态变化规律。结果表明,小叶榕、泰竹和黄葛凋落叶在城市景观水体中质量损失表现为慢-快-慢的分解趋势;凋落叶的质量损失与长宽比、比叶面积以及P含量和C/N呈正相关,但与叶面积、N含量呈负相关。整体而言,C和K表现为明显的释放现象:3种凋落叶C均为直接释放模式;小叶榕和黄葛凋落叶K为直接释放模式,泰竹凋落叶K为富集-释放模式。N和P表现为明显的富集现象:小叶榕和泰竹凋落叶N为富集-释放模式,而黄葛凋落叶N为释放-富集-释放模式;3种凋落叶P均为富集-释放模式。其中,小叶榕凋落叶富集N,P的效果最好。相关性分析表明,不同分解阶段的凋落叶失重受到不同元素释放的影响,分解前期主要与K释放有关,中期主要与N释放有关,后期与C,N,P释放有关,且元素的释放与叶面积、比叶面积、长宽比以及初始C,N,P含量存在显著的相关关系。可见,水岸绿化植物凋落叶可在一定程度上富集水体氮磷,且受到凋落叶性状的影响,为景观水体岸边绿化植物选择与管理提供了一定的科学依据。Leaf litter can not only release nutrients quickly into water,but also enrich nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus through adsorption.However it might be affected by the leaf litter traits,there is a lack of fundamental attention.Therefore,leaf litters of Ficus concinna,Thyrsostachys siamensis and Ficus virens,three representative urban green plants in Fuzhou City,Fujian Province,are selected as research subjects.Conducting a decomposition experiment in urban landscape water bodies by using decomposition bag method,this study investigated decomposition rates of litter and dynamic changes of litter carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium elements in urban landscape water bodies.Results showed that the mass loss of leaf litter decomposition presented a slow-fast-slow decomposition trend.The mass loss of leaf litter was positively correlated with length-to-width ratio(L/W),specific leaf area(SLA),P content and C/N,but negatively correlated with leaf area(LA)and N content.Generally speaking,C and K of the three litter had an obvious release,three kinds of leaf litter C showed a direct release pattern.The K release of Ficus concinna and Ficus virens showed a direct release mode,while the litter K of Thyrsostachys siamensi showed an enrichment-release pattern.N and P showed an obvious enrichment.The N release of Ficus concinna and Thyrsostachys siamensi s showed an enrichment-release pattern,while the N release of Ficus virens showed a leaching-enrichment-release pattern.And the P showed an enrichment-release pattern.Among them,the litter of Ficus virens had the best effect of N and K enrichment.Correlation analysis showed that the mass loss at different decomposition stage was influenced by the release of different elements,mainly related to K release in the early stage,N release in the middle stage,and C,N,and P release in the last stage.In addition,the release of elements was significantly correlated with LA,SLA,length-width ratio(L/W)and initial C,N and P contents.To sum up,litter decomposition of wat

关 键 词：凋落物分解 养分释放 初始性状 景观水体 

分 类 号：Q-148[生物学]