碳交易机制下林业碳汇交易的问题分析与思考  

The Analysis and Reflection on Issues in Forestry Carbon Sinks Trading Under the Carbon Trading Mechanism

作　　者：翟郡 王睿琦 孔凡斌 王永成 ZHAI Jun;WANG Ruiqi;KONG Fanbin;WANG Yongcheng(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Institute of Digital Forestry&Green Development,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;College of Economics and Management,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学经济管理学院,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学数字林业与绿色发展研究院,南京210037 [3]浙江农林大学经济管理学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《林业经济问题》2024年第4期337-346,共10页Issues of Forestry Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42371294;42071283);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72203095);江苏省社会科学基金青年项目(22EYC007);中国博士后科学基金第73批面上项目(2023M731710)。

摘　　要：当前我国碳交易机制尚不完善,林业碳汇项目的多样性不足,且林业碳汇交易中存在碳基线、额外性、碳泄漏等方面的问题。通过系统梳理林业碳汇进入国内外碳交易机制路径和现状,创新林业碳汇项目,创新性地提出非CDM森林经营碳汇项目,阐释“双碳”目标下非CDM森林经营碳汇进入碳交易机制的重要意义。此外,以非CDM森林经营碳汇项目为例,从碳基线、额外性、碳泄漏等3个方面阐明林业碳汇进入碳交易机制面临的主要问题及其产生原因,并提出解决相应问题的对策建议。⑴Background——Forest carbon sinks is essential to mitigate global climate change,protect biodiversity and promote sustainable development.Mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM),Verified Carbon Standard(VCS),Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries,plus the sustainable management of forests and the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks,and Chinese Certified Emission Reduction(CCER)have established markets that monetize the carbon sinks potential of forests.These mechanisms incentivize forest conservation and sustainable management and reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.However,opportunities for carbon sinks,particularly in non-CDM forest management,remain underexplored.⑵Methods——This paper firstly analyzed the ways and current situation of forestry carbon sinks entering into domestic and international carbon trading mechanisms.Three key aspects were then critically examined:accurate baseline identification,scientific measurement of additionality,and systematic carbon leakage accounting.These dimensions were analyzed through the comparison of different carbon trading mechanisms,highlighting the methodological variances and their impact on market credibility and effectiveness.⑶Results——This paper identifies significant challenges to incorporating non-CDM forest carbon sinks into current carbon trading schemes.The baseline setting of China s CCER mechanism is too simple,which may lead to inaccurate emission reduction estimates.The baseline is a critical reference point,so a flaw here could undermine the credibility of the mechanism.The Improved Forest Management(IFM)approach uses dynamic baselines from national inventories,but questions remain about its scientific robustness,indicating the need for more context-specific criteria.In addition,this paper reveals the inconsistency of emission reduction measurements between different mechanisms.The IFM approach relies on the biomass-based methods,while the CCER mechanism emp

关 键 词：核证自愿减排量(CCER) 林业碳汇 非CDM森林经营碳汇 碳基线 额外性 碳泄漏 

分 类 号：F326.24[经济管理—产业经济]