红鳍笛鲷幼鱼对不同开孔形状和尺寸人工鱼礁模型的行为偏好探究  

Investigation on behavioral preferences of Lutjanus erythropterus juvenile towards artificial reef models with different pore shapes and sizes

作　　者：江满菊 郭禹[1,3] 秦传新 辛益[1] 赵心冉 于刚 马振华 杨育凯[4,5] JIANG Manju;GUO Yu;QIN Chuanxin;XIN Yi;ZHAO Xinran;YU Gang;MA Zhenhua;YANG Yukai(South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences/National Fishery Resources and Environment Dapeng Observatory Experimental Station/Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guang-zhou 510300,China;School of Fisheries and Life,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Deep-Sea Fishery Resources of Hainan Province,Sanya 572018,China;Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shenzhen 518121,China;Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/国家渔业资源环境大鹏观测实验站/农业农村部海洋牧场重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [3]三亚热带水产研究院/海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室,海南三亚572018 [4]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所深圳试验基地,广东深圳518121 [5]广东省农业技术推广中心,广东广州510520

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2024年第5期42-52,共11页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金创新团队项目(321CXTD446);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023B1515250004);防城港市重点研发计划项目(防科AB21014015);广东省现代化海洋牧场适养品种核心技术攻关项目(2024-MRB-00-001)。

摘　　要：人工鱼礁构建对维护海洋生态和保护渔业资源至关重要。在人工鱼礁设计中,开孔形状和尺寸是关键要素,对鱼类的聚集行为有着显著性影响。针对人工鱼礁区常见的礁栖鱼类红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythropterus),设计制作了不同开孔形状(圆形、正方形、菱形)和尺寸(1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0 cm)的人工鱼礁模型,观察了在室内实验池中其对幼鱼的吸引作用及其行为变化。结果显示,在未设置人工鱼礁模型的情况下,幼鱼主要聚集在实验池的边缘区域;而放入鱼礁模型后,幼鱼在鱼礁区的平均分布比例显著上升(p<0.05)。在开孔形状的研究中,3种不同形状组的幼鱼在人工鱼礁放置区(VI区)的平均分布率无显著性差异(p>0.05),但菱形处理组的比例最高[(19.84±6.08)%]。在开孔尺寸的研究中,3个处理组的平均分布率存在显著性差异(p<0.05),4.0 cm尺寸组(约为幼鱼体高的2.0倍)最高[(25.36±5.04)%],1.0 cm尺寸组(约为幼鱼体高的0.5倍)最低[(14.54±3.09)%]。在活动能力方面,人工鱼礁模型实验组与空白对照组有明显差异。幼鱼在人工鱼礁模型中的平均速度从对照组的(13.36±5.21)cm·s^(-1)降至(4.29±1.59)cm·s^(-1),平均加速度从(106.93±69.17)cm·s^(-2)降至(54.45±21.47)cm·s^(-2),活动时间百分比从(68.01±8.61)%减至(40.29±11.85)%,且在圆形、正方形和菱形4.0 cm组中均为最低。研究表明,这一阶段的红鳍笛鲷幼鱼对开孔为圆形、尺寸为4.0 cm组的人工鱼礁模型有最强的趋向性,同时其活跃程度相对较低,诱集效果最为显著。The construction of artificial reefs is crucial for maintaining marine ecology and protecting fishery resources.The pore shape and size are the key elements for the structural design with a significant impact on the aggregation of fish.We de-signed and made the artificial reef models with different pore shapes(Round,square,diamond)and different sizes(1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0 cm)for Lutjanus erythropterus,a common reef-dwelling fish in the artificial reef area.Then we observed the attrac-tive effect on the juveniles and observed their behavioral changes in an indoor experimental pool.The results show that without the artificial reef model,the juveniles mainly concentrated in the peripheral area of experimental pool.But when the reef model was placed,the average distribution ratio of the juveniles in the reef area increased significantly(p<0.05).For the pore shape study,there was no significant difference in the average distribution rate of the juveniles in the artificial reef placement area(VI area)among the three treatment groups(p>0.05),with the proportion of the diamond treatment group being the highest[(19.84±6.08)%].However,for the pore size study,there were significant differences among the three treatment groups(p<0.05),4.0 cm size group(About 2.0 times the body height of juvenile)being the highest[(25.36±5.04)%],while 1.0 cm size group(About 0.5 times the body height of juvenile)being the lowest[(14.54±3.09)%].In terms of activity ability,there were obvious differences between the artificial reef model experimental group and the blank control group.The average speed of juveniles decreased from(13.36±5.21)cm·s^(-1) in the control group to(4.29±1.59)cm·s^(-1) in the reef group,the average acceleration decreased from(106.93±69.17)cm·s^(-2) to(54.45±21.47)cm·s^(-2),and the percentage of activity time decreased from(68.01±8.61)%to(40.29±11.85)%,and all were the lowest in the circular 4.0 cm group,the square 4.0 cm group and the dia-mond 4.0 cm group.It is showed that at this stage,L.erythropterus juvenile h

关 键 词：人工鱼礁 红鳍笛鲷 诱集效果 行为响应 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]