外伶仃海洋牧场附近海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价  

Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments in adjacent waters of Wailingding marine ranching

作　　者：冯雪[1] 佟飞[1,2] 袁华荣 赵学乾[3] 陈丕茂 FENG Xue;TONG Fei;YUAN Huarong;ZHAO Xueqian;CHEN Pimao(South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environments,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Marine Ranch-ing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510300,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519000,China;Jinan Park Development Service Center,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源环境科学观测实验站/农业农村部海洋牧场重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海519000 [3]济南市公园发展服务中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2024年第5期91-102,共12页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)资助项目(SML2023SP237);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B1111030002);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2023TD06)。

摘　　要：沉积物是承载地球演化历史和人类活动变迁信息的地质物质。为了解海底表层沉积物的污染状况及生态风险,以外伶仃海洋牧场附近海域沉积物为研究对象,分别于2020和2021年测定该海域沉积物的粒度、特征指标及6种主要重金属元素的含量。采用内梅罗污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和地累积指数法对重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价,同时探讨了重金属的可能来源。结果显示,调查海域沉积物的主要类型为粉砂质黏土,各元素含量空间差异较大,整体随离岸距离的增加而逐渐降低。6种重金属含量均与有机碳正相关。3种生态风险评价方法所得出的评价结果基本一致,高污染区主要位于外伶仃岛东北原人工鱼礁建设范围海域。内梅罗综合污染指数结果显示调查海域沉积物整体属1级清洁水平。潜在生态风险指数表明重金属汞(Hg)在评价中所占权重最大,潜在风险系数和地累积指数明显高于其他重金属。研究表明,调查海域沉积物重金属生态风险整体处于低风险,但仍需对重金属尤其是Hg保持高度关注。Sediment is the geological material that carries information of the evolution history of the earth and the changes of human activities.In order to understand the current situation and ecological risk of sediments,based on the survey data of 2020 and 2021 in adjacent waters of Wailingding marine ranching,we investigated the contents of particle size,characteristics indexes and six heavy metals.By using Nemero comprehensive pollution index,potential ecological risk index and geo-accumulation in-dex,we evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metals.Furthermore,we discussed the possibility of heavy metal sources.The results indicate that the main type of sediments in the survey sea area was silty clay,with significant spatial differences in the content of various elements,showing a gradually decreasing trend with the increase of offshore distance.All the six heavy metals had a high positive correlation with total organic carbon.The assessment results obtained by three ecological risk assessment methods are basically consistent:the high pollution area was mainly located in the artificial reef construction area,northeast of Wailingding.The results of the nemero comprehensive pollution index show that the sediment was at Level 1 of cleanliness.The potential ecological risk index shows that Hg had the highest proportion in the evaluation,and its potential risk coefficient and ground accumulation index were significantly higher than those of other heavy metals.The results reveal that the ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments is generally at low level,but heavy metals,especially Hg,still needs to be highly concerned.

关 键 词：海洋牧场 沉积物 重金属 生态风险评价 外伶仃 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]