不同栽培措施对改善妮娜皇后葡萄果实着色与品质的效果  

Different cultivation practices promote berry coloration and quality in Queen Nina grape

作　　者：金欢淳 金联宇 陈亦雅 王良德 吴颖 胡丹 张培安 JIN Huanchun;JIN Lianyu;CHEN Yiya;WANG Liangde;WU Ying;HU Dan;ZHANG Pei’an(Wenzhou Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Wenzhou 325000,Zhejiang,China;Yueqing Lianyu Grape Research Institute,Yueqing 325600,Zhejiang,China;College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Zhejiang In-stitute of Subtropical Crops,Wenzhou 325005,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]温州市农业技术推广中心,浙江温州325000 [2]乐清联宇葡萄研究所,浙江乐青325600 [3]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100193 [4]浙江省亚热带作物研究所,浙江温州325005

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第10期2051-2066,共16页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32302469);温州市基础性公益科研项目(N2023022)。

摘　　要：【目的】妮娜皇后葡萄外观和品质俱佳,但在部分产区因转色期高温多湿与光照不足的栽培环境,导致果实着色不良、糖分积累减少,因此,探索改善其果实着色和品质的适宜栽培措施有重要意义。【方法】以南方产区设施生产的妮娜皇后为研究对象,在果穗转色前(E-L 34)通过喷施不同植物生长调节剂、氨基酸肥以及铺设反光膜等栽培措施,测量果实成熟过程中形状、花色苷、可溶性固形物(TSS)、可溶性糖、有机酸、挥发性有机物(VOCs)含量等性状的变化,同时检测果皮中类黄酮和花色苷合成相关基因的表达水平。【结果】除以硝酚钠和氨基酸肥为有效成分的爱多收和艾果龙外,其他处理均能显著改善果实着色,并提高果皮中花色苷合成相关基因(VvCHS、VvUFGT、VvDFR和VvMYB90)的表达水平,其中S-诱抗素改善果实着色的效果最佳,但无法有效增加果肉中可溶性糖和VOCs含量。茉莉酸甲酯不仅能够改善果实着色,促进果皮中相关基因表达,还能够提高果肉中TSS、可溶性糖、VOCs含量。金村秋和反光膜处理在增加果实纵横径和硬度方面具有显著作用。此外,运用隶属函数法对所有处理进行综合评价分析,表明50 mg·L^(-1)茉莉酸甲酯综合效果最佳。【结论】喷施50 mg·L^(-1)茉莉酸甲酯是改善妮娜皇后葡萄果实着色与品质的最佳处理方式。【Objective】The Queen Nina grape is famous nationwide for its excellent appearance and taste. However, its productivity and quality are largely limited by the climate factors such as high temperature, humidity, and insufficient light during the veraison stage, leading to poor berry coloring, reduced sugar accumulation and reduced commercialization. Traditional techniques to improve grape berry coloration include trunk girdling, leaf removal, and cluster and berry thinning, which are often laborintensive and technically demanding for producers. In this study, we compared the advantages with disadvantages of spraying different plant growth regulators or amino acid fertilizers, and laying reflective film, with spraying water on the berry surface serving as a control, so as to select simple and easy cultivation practices to promote coloration and quality of Queen Nina berries.【Methods】With Queen Nina,produced in facilities in a southern China production area(Wenzhou, Zhejiang) as the sample, before turning color(E-L 34), the berry surface was sprayed with trans-abscisic acid(T1, dilute 200×), Guodele(T2, dilute 1000×), methyl jasmonate(T3, 50 mg · L^(-1)), Tianrunduocai(T4, dilute 1000×), Jinchunqiu(T5, dilute 2000×), ethrel(T6, dilute 600×), Aiduoshou(T7, dilute 4000×), Aiguolong(T8, dilute 800×), the reflective film(T9) was laid on the ground, and clean water was sprayed as a control(CK). The first sample was taken before treatment and thereafter at 10 d intervals for four consecutive times, recorded as DS0, DS1, DS2, DS3 and DS4, respectively. During berry ripening, we measured the coloration level of the cluster, colour index for red grapes(CIRG), berry morphogenesis and berry hardness. The expression levels of the genes related to the synthesis of anthocyanin(VvCHS, VvUFGT, VvDFR and VvMYB90) in the skin, as well as the changes of the traits of the flesh such as the content of total soluble solids(TSS), soluble sugars and organic acids were analyzed. Meanwhile, the contents of volatile organic com

关 键 词：葡萄 妮娜皇后 栽培措施 果实着色 品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]