胡桃科植物花发育研究进展  

Research progress on flower development of Juglandaceae plants

作　　者：李文文 陈金艳 蔡虎 潘学军 张文娥[2] 彭剑[3] LI Wenwen;CHEN Jinyan;CAI Hu;PAN Xuejun;ZHANG Wen’e;PENG Jian(Guizhou Provincial Fruit Tree Engineering Technology Research Center,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Forestry Bureau of Hezhang County,Hezhang 553200,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省果树工程技术研究中心,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [3]赫章县林业局,贵州赫章553200

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第10期2091-2105,共15页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060673);贵州省林业科研项目(黔林科合[2021]07号)。

摘　　要：胡桃科植物作为重要的木本油料作物和坚果,具有雌雄同株异花特性。其中核桃属和山核桃属果实具有较高的经济价值,但在实际生产中树体雌、雄花比例失衡,雄花过多,雌花太少,严重制约了果实产量,影响其经济效益。总结了胡桃科植物雌、雄花发育的形态特征,对内源激素、营养物质、矿质元素和位置效应对花芽分化的影响及成花诱导、花发育模型相关基因功能研究进行了综述,以期对胡桃科植物雌、雄花分化机制和果实优质高产栽培研究提供参考。Juglandaceae plants are monoecious and dioecious,and they are major woody oil crops and nuts.Juglans and Carya fruits are highly valuable economically;however in practice,the ratio of male to female flowers on the tree is out of balance,with an excessive number of male flowers and a deficiency of female flowers.This phenomenon could significantly reduce the tree's economic yield and benefit.The effects of the physical characteristics of male and female flower growth,location,and endogenous hormones on flower bud differentiation,as well as the function of genes linked to floral induction and a flower development model,were reviewed in this paper.Most Juglandaceae plants have unisexual blooms,which typically open once a year.Nonetheless,a few early-bearing Juglans regia varieties can produce a large number of secondary flowers and fruits in a unique environment that allows for late-autumn blossoming.The female flower bud differentiation process can be separated into four stages:the emergence stage of the female flower primordium,the formation stage of the involucre and perianth,and the formation stage of the pistil primordium.The flower bud differentiation process can take up to a year.The undifferentiated stage of the male flower,the differentiation stage of the male inflorescence,the differentiation stage of the male flower primordium,the differentiation stage of the stamen primordium,and the formation stage of the anther and pollen grain are the main divisions of the male flower differentiation period.Furthermore,it is possible to determine the stage of flower bud development by looking at the outward morphological traits of the buds,which is useful for managing blooming and floral induction.Numerous plant hormones,including CTK,GA,ABA,IAA,and PAs,significantly impact the differentiation of flower buds.GA promotes the development of male flowers,and spraying proper concentration of PAs can increase the amount of female flower buds.The balance of the endogenous hormones may be more significant for the flower bud

关 键 词：核桃 山核桃 花芽分化 成花基因 花器官发育 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]